Purpose: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor impairments and subsequent physical activity (PA) deficits in middle childhood. It is not well understood when this gap in PA emerges. The purpose of the current study was to examine the longitudinal trajectories of device-assessed PA in a large cohort of children with and without DCD from age 4 to 8.Methods: Children (n = 535, 4- to 5-years old) completed 4 annual assessments as part of a prospective cohort study. Children were classified into 3 groups based on their average performance on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children- 2nd Edition: probable DCD (pDCD) <6th percentile (n = 72); at-risk for DCD (DCDr) between the 6 to 16th percentile (n = 127), and typically developing (TD) >16th percentile (n = 336). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and average PA volume (vector counts per minute) were assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers. A series of linear mixed effects models were used to examine longitudinal PA trajectories between groups.Results: Children in both the pDCD and DCDr groups engaged in significantly less MVPA compared to the TD group, whereas the deficit in PA volume was only evident in the DCD group. The rate of change did not differ by group indicating that this deficit is relatively consistent across the early childhood period.Conclusions: Young children with DCD are in a MVPA deficit that persists across early childhood. Early interventions targeting motor skills and PA may help to reduce this gap and promote positive trajectories of health among children with motor difficulties.

中文翻译：

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发育协调障碍和幼儿体育活动的轨迹。


目的：发育协调障碍 （DCD） 是一种常见的神经发育障碍，其特征是儿童中期运动障碍和随后的身体活动 （PA） 缺陷。PA 中的这种差距何时出现尚不清楚。本研究的目的是检查 4 至 8 岁患有和不患有 DCD 的儿童的大型队列中设备评估的 PA 的纵向轨迹.方法：儿童 （n = 535,4 至 5 岁） 作为前瞻性队列研究的一部分完成了 4 次年度评估。根据儿童运动评估组合 - 第 2 版的平均表现，将儿童分为 3 组： 可能的 DCD （pDCD） <6th percentile （n = 72）;DCD 风险 （DCDr） 在第 6 至第 16 个百分位数之间 （n = 127），通常发展 （TD） >第 16 个百分位数 （n = 336）。使用 ActiGraph 加速度计评估中度至强度 PA （MVPA） 和平均 PA 体积 （每分钟的矢量计数）。使用一系列线性混合效应模型来检查组间纵向 PA 轨迹。结果： 与 TD 组相比，pDCD 和 DCDr 组的儿童参与的 MVPA 显着减少，而 PA 体积的缺陷仅在 DCD 组中明显。变化率因组而异，表明这种缺陷在整个儿童早期相对一致。结论： 患有 DCD 的幼儿处于 MVPA 缺陷状态，这种缺陷在整个儿童早期持续存在。针对运动技能和 PA 的早期干预可能有助于缩小这一差距，并促进有运动困难的儿童的积极健康轨迹。