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Optimizing Anti-Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein and IgM-Gammopathy Testing for Neuropathy Treatment Evaluation.
Neurology ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-05 , DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000210000
Christopher J Klein,James D Triplett,David L Murray,Amy P Gorsh,Shahar Shelly,Divyanshu Dubey,Marcus V Pinto,Stephen M Ansell,Michael P Skolka,Grace Swart,Michelle L Mauermann,John R Mills

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with typical anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy have IgM-gammopathy, mimic distal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and are treatment resistant. Anti-MAG patients go unrecognized when IgM-gammopathy is undetected or with atypical phenotypes. We investigated an optimal anti-MAG titration cutoff for excluding CIDP and the impact of IgM-gammopathy detection on neuropathy treatment evaluation without anti-MAG antibodies. METHODS European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society 2021 guidelines were used to assess patients with neuropathy using anti-MAG Bühlmann titration units (BTU) and IgM-gammopathy with Mass-Fix (mass spectrophotometry) and serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis (SPIEP). The immunotherapy outcome was reviewed by inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment (INCAT) and summated compound muscle action potential (CMAP) nerve conduction changes. RESULTS Seven hundred and fifty-two patients (average age: 63.8 years, female: 31%) were identified over 30 months: (1) typical anti-MAG neuropathy (n = 104); (2) atypical anti-MAG neuropathy (n = 13); (3) distal or sensory-predominant CIDP (n = 25), including 7 without IgM-gammopathy; (4) typical CIDP (n = 47), including 36 without IgM-gammopathy; (5) axonal IgM-gammopathy-associated neuropathy (n = 104); and (6) IgM-gammopathy-negative, anti-MAG-negative axonal neuropathies (n = 426); and (7) without neuropathy (n = 33) anti-MAG negative. IgM-gammopathy was evaluated by Mass-Fix (n = 493), SPIEP (n = 355), or both (n = 96). Mass-Fix detected 4 additional IgM-gammopathies (3%, 4/117) among patients with anti-MAG antibodies and 7 additional patients (2%, 7/376) without anti-MAG not detected by SPIEP testing. Immunotherapy follow-up was available in 123 (mean: 23 months, range: 3-120 months) including 47 with CIDP (28 without IgM-gammopathy) and 76 non-CIDP (5 without IgM-gammopathy, 45 anti-MAG positive). Treatments included IVIG (n = 89), rituximab (n = 80), and ibrutinib or zanubrutinib (n = 24). An optimal anti-MAG-positive cutoff was identified at ≥1,500 BTU (78% sensitivity, 96% specificity) and at ≥10,000 BTU (74% sensitivity, 100% specificity) for typical anti-MAG neuropathy. Improvements in INCAT scores (p < 0.0001) and summated CMAP (p = 0.0028) were associated with negative anti-MAG (<1,500 BTU, n = 78) and absence of IgM-gammopathy (n = 34). Among 47 patients with electrodiagnostically confirmed CIDP, all anti-MAG negative, the presence of IgM-gammopathy (n = 19) also correlated with a worse treatment response (INCAT scores p = 0.035, summated CMAP p = 0.049). DISCUSSION A cutoff of 10,000 BTU seems optimal for typical anti-MAG neuropathy while ≥1,500 BTU reduces the likelihood of immune-treatable CIDP. Mass-Fix improves IgM-gammopathy detection in anti-MAG and other IgM-gammopathy neuropathies. Patients with IgM-gammopathy lacking MAG antibodies show reduced treatment response.

中文翻译:


优化抗髓鞘相关糖蛋白和 IgM 丙种球蛋白病检测以评估神经病变治疗。



背景和目的 患有典型抗髓鞘相关糖蛋白 (anti-MAG) 神经病变的患者患有 IgM 丙种球蛋白病,类似于远端慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病 (CIDP),并且对治疗有抵抗力。当 IgM 丙种球蛋白病未被发现或具有非典型表型时,抗 MAG 患者将无法被识别。我们研究了排除 CIDP 的最佳抗 MAG 滴定临界值以及 IgM 丙种球蛋白病检测对无抗 MAG 抗体的神经病变治疗评估的影响。方法 欧洲神经病学学会/周围神经学会 2021 指南用于使用抗 MAG Bühlmann 滴定单位 (BTU) 和 IgM 丙种球蛋白病与 Mass-Fix (质谱分光光度法) 和血清蛋白免疫固定电泳 (SPIEP) 评估神经病变患者。通过炎症性神经病变原因和治疗 (INCAT) 回顾免疫治疗结果,并总结复合肌肉动作电位 (CMAP) 神经传导变化。结果 在 30 个月内确定了 752 例患者 (平均年龄: 63.8 岁,女性: 31%): (1) 典型的抗 MAG 神经病变 (n = 104);(2) 非典型抗 MAG 神经病变 (n = 13);(3) 远端或感觉为主的 CIDP (n = 25),包括 7 例无 IgM 丙种球蛋白病;(4) 典型的 CIDP (n = 47),包括 36 例无 IgM 丙种球蛋白病;(5) 轴突 IgM 丙种球蛋白病相关神经病 (n = 104);(6) IgM 丙种球蛋白病阴性、抗 MAG 阴性轴突神经病 (n = 426);(7) 无神经病变 (n = 33) 抗 MAG 阴性。通过 Mass-Fix (n = 493)、SPIEP (n = 355) 或两者 (n = 96) 评估 IgM 丙种球蛋白病。Mass-Fix 在有抗 MAG 抗体的患者中检测到 4 例额外的 IgM 丙种球蛋白病 (3%,4/117),另外 7 例 (2%,7/376) 没有抗 MAG 的患者 SPIEP 检测未检测到。 免疫治疗随访有 123 例 (平均值:23 个月,范围:3-120 个月),包括 47 例 CIDP (28 例无 IgM 丙种球蛋白病)和 76 例非 CIDP (5 例无 IgM 丙种球蛋白病,45 例抗 MAG 阳性)。治疗包括 IVIG (n = 89)、利妥昔单抗 (n = 80) 和伊布替尼或泽布替尼 (n = 24)。对于典型的抗 MAG 神经病变,最佳抗 MAG 阳性临界值为 ≥1,500 BTU (78% 敏感性,96% 特异性) 和 ≥10,000 BTU (74% 敏感性,100% 特异性)。INCAT 评分 (p < 0.0001) 和总 CMAP (p = 0.0028) 的改善与抗 MAG 阴性 (<1,500 BTU,n = 78) 和不存在 IgM 丙种球蛋白病 (n = 34) 相关。在 47 名经电诊断证实的 CIDP 患者中,所有抗 MAG 阴性,IgM 丙种球蛋白病的存在 (n = 19) 也与较差的治疗反应相关 (INCAT 评分 p = 0.035,总 CMAP p = 0.049)。讨论 10,000 BTU 的临界值似乎最适合典型的抗 MAG 神经病变,而 ≥1,500 BTU 可降低免疫可治疗 CIDP 的可能性。Mass-Fix 改善了抗 MAG 和其他 IgM 丙种球蛋白病神经病中的 IgM 丙种球蛋白病检测。缺乏 MAG 抗体的 IgM 丙种球蛋白病患者表现出治疗反应降低。
更新日期:2024-11-05
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