Several studies have reported improved weed control and targeted delivery of herbicides by nanocarriers. However, the effects on crops and non-target organisms need to be considered. Here, we investigate the crop and soil health treated with metribuzin in conventional and biodegradable nanoformulations (poly-ε-caprolactone – PCL and lignin-PCL) (both at 480 g a.i. ha⁻¹). Weed control of Amaranthus retroflexus by the nanoformulations was also evaluated as a measurement of target delivery. Soybean plants did not show any differences in photosynthetic parameters and a slight oxidative stress with nanoherbicide treatment, with biomass reduction occurred at 60 days after application. The root accumulated metribuzin formulations and translocated to the aerial part for both plant species. The polymeric nanomaterials in the soil mitigated alterations in the bacterial community. Metribuzin formulations, mainly nanoformulations even at low dose (48 g a.i. ha⁻¹) caused severe photosynthetic damage in the weed species, with reduction of chlorophyll content (up to 2.35 time) and electron flow (up to 9.22 times), leading to eventual mortality. MTZ nanoformulations presented a greater efficacy (even in 10-fold less dose) for weed control compared to conventional formulation. These findings suggest that MTZ nanoformulations improve weed control and attenuate the negative effects on crop and soil health, offering an important nano-enabled strategy for sustainable weed management.

中文翻译：

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从可生物降解的纳米载体中递送 metribuzin：评估除草剂对大豆植物保护和杂草控制的作用


几项研究报告称，纳米载体改善了杂草控制和有针对性地递送除草剂。然而，需要考虑对作物和非目标生物的影响。在这里，我们研究了在常规和可生物降解的纳米制剂（聚 ε-己内酯 - PCL 和木质素-PCL）（均在 480 g a.i^{. ha-1}）中用 metribuzin 处理的作物和土壤健康状况。纳米制剂对反枝苋的杂草控制也被评估为目标递送的量度。大豆植株在光合参数方面没有表现出任何差异，纳米除草剂处理后没有表现出轻微的氧化应激，施用后 60 天生物量减少。根积累了 metribuzin 制剂并转移到两种植物物种的地上部分。土壤中的聚合物纳米材料减轻了细菌群落的变化。Metribuzin 制剂，主要是纳米制剂，即使在低剂量 （48 g a.i. ^ha-1） 下也对杂草物种造成严重的光合损伤，叶绿素含量降低（高达 2.35 倍）和电子流（高达 9.22 倍），导致最终死亡。与传统制剂相比，MTZ 纳米制剂在杂草控制方面表现出更大的疗效（即使剂量减少 10 倍）。这些发现表明，MTZ 纳米制剂改善了杂草控制并减轻了对作物和土壤健康的负面影响，为可持续杂草管理提供了重要的纳米策略。