Plant root activities lead to significant differences in metabolites between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, profoundly affecting microbial distribution. However, how this process drives the migration and propagation of manure-derived antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmland ecosystems remains unclear. Herein, we used a rice pot microcosm experiment to explore the characteristics of antibiotic resistome and bacterial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and the driving effects of rhizosphere metabolites on ARG propagation. The results showed significant differences in some ARGs and bacterial diversity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils with varied differential ARGs between different growth stages of rice (P < 0.05). The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and glutathione metabolism were found to be the main pathways affecting ARG differences in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under manure application. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis further indicated that ARG distribution differences between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were mainly regulated by differential metabolites, which influenced the ARG distribution by altering the succession of soil microbial communities. These results demonstrate the role of differential metabolites resulting from rice root activities in co-regulating ARG distribution, providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of soil ARG dynamics in paddy fields.

中文翻译：

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受水稻根系影响的土壤代谢过程共同调控抗生素耐药组的环境演变


植物根系活动导致根际和非根际土壤之间代谢物的显着差异，深刻影响微生物分布。然而，这一过程如何驱动粪肥衍生的抗生素抗性基因 （ARG） 在农田生态系统中的迁移和繁殖仍不清楚。本文采用米煲微观实验，探讨了根际和非根际土壤中抗生素抗性组和细菌群落的特征以及根际代谢物对 ARG 繁殖的驱动作用。结果显示，根际和非根际土壤中部分耐药基因和细菌多样性存在显著差异（水稻不同生育期耐药基因差异不同（P < 0.05）。发现次生代谢产物的生物合成和谷胱甘肽代谢是施用粪污下影响根际和非根际土壤 ARG 差异的主要途径。结构方程模型 （SEM） 分析进一步表明，根际和非根际土壤的 ARG 分布差异主要受差异代谢物的调节，差异代谢物通过改变土壤微生物群落的演替来影响 ARG 分布。这些结果表明，水稻根系活性产生的差异代谢物在共同调控 ARG 分布中的作用，为稻田土壤 ARG 动力学的调控机制提供了新的见解。