Wind speed and wind direction sensors are crucial sensor categories in the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly vital in fields such as meteorological monitoring, construction engineering, transportation engineering, and ocean engineering. However, power supply remains a key limiting factor for the widespread application of these sensors in large-scale sensor networks. In this paper, a self-powered, non-contact wind speed and direction sensor based on the triboelectric nanogenerator (SD-TENG) is proposed. The optimized wind speed measurement structure has a start-up wind speed as low as 0.2 m/s and exhibits good linearity in the range of 0.2–29 m/s. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates high temperature and humidity resistance, with a voltage attenuation of 2.4 % at 45°C ambient temperature and 9.8 % at 95 % relative humidity. For wind direction measurement, the design of non-uniform electrodes enhances the recognition capability of different channels. To meet the demands of remote monitoring, we have designed an advanced signal processing circuit that can directly convert the raw output of a wind speed sensor into wind speed information and upload it to a cloud platform via a host. This system not only records and displays wind speed data in real-time but also features historical data storage and alarm functionalities, enhancing the intelligence and automation levels of wind speed monitoring. Additionally, users can access and analyze wind speed data through both computer and mobile devices, ensuring the system's efficiency and reliability. This work provides crucial technical support for the advancement of smart cities, clean energy, and environmental monitoring, thereby promoting the application and dissemination of IoT technology in the environmental field.

中文翻译：

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一种基于非接触式摩擦纳米发电机的风速风向远程监测系统


风速和风向传感器是物联网 （IoT） 中的关键传感器类别，在气象监测、建筑工程、交通工程和海洋工程等领域尤为重要。然而，电源仍然是这些传感器在大规模传感器网络中广泛应用的关键限制因素。本文提出了一种基于摩擦纳米发电机 （SD-TENG） 的自供电非接触式风速风向传感器。优化的风速测量结构使启动风速低至 0.2 m/s，并在 0.2–29 m/s 范围内表现出良好的线性度。此外，该传感器还表现出耐高温和耐湿性，在 45°C 环境温度下电压衰减为 2.4%，在 95% 相对湿度下电压衰减为 9.8%。对于风向测量，非均匀电极的设计增强了不同通道的识别能力。为了满足远程监控的需求，我们设计了先进的信号处理电路，可以直接将风速传感器的原始输出转换为风速信息，并通过主机上传到云平台。该系统不仅实时记录和显示风速数据，还具有历史数据存储和报警功能，提高了风速监测的智能化和自动化水平。此外，用户可以通过计算机和移动设备访问和分析风速数据，确保系统的效率和可靠性。这项工作为智慧城市、清洁能源和环境监测的发展提供了重要的技术支持，从而促进了物联网技术在环境领域的应用和传播。