Metallic sodium has attracted increasing attention as an ideal anode material for next-generation high energy density and low-cost secondary batteries. However, it is highly desired yet remains challenging to improve their cycling stability and safety due to unstable solid electrolyte interphase and dendrite growth. Herein, a hybrid interface layer composed of Na2Se and Na3P is constructed on the surface of Na (Na@NPS) via in situ spontaneous reaction. The hybrid interface layer with merits of high sodiophilicity and high Na-ion conductivity can effectively induce homogeneous Na-ion flux distribution, accelerate the reaction kinetics and suppress decomposition of electrolyte components. Benefitting from the above advantages, the Na@NPS symmetric cell delivers a long cycle life (1000 h at 1 mA cm–2 and 1 mAh cm–2). Furthermore, the full cell coupling with Na3V2(PO4)3-based cathode provides an exceptionally long lifespan (1500 cycles) at 20 C with a capacity retention of 98.2 % and high energy density (226 Wh kg–1). Therefore, the enhanced electrochemical performance illustrates the feasibility of the covalent molecule derived hybrid multifunctional interfaces in solving the irregular deposition of Na-ion and expediting reaction kinetics in Na metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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使用新型共价分子优化界面化学，实现高度可持续和动力学增强的钠金属电池


金属钠作为下一代高能量密度和低成本二次电池的理想负极材料，越来越受到关注。然而，由于不稳定的固体电解质界面和枝晶生长，提高其循环稳定性和安全性是非常理想的，但仍然具有挑战性。在此，通过原位自发反应在 Na （Na@NPS） 表面构建了由 Na2Se 和 Na3P 组成的杂化界面层。具有高亲碱性和高 Na-ion 电导率的杂化界面层可以有效地诱导均匀的 Na-ion 通量分布，加速反应动力学并抑制电解质组分的分解。得益于上述优势，Na@NPS对称电池具有较长的循环寿命（在 1 mA cm-2 和 1 mAh cm-2 下为 1000 小时）。此外，与基于 Na3V2（PO4）3 的阴极的全电池耦合在 20 C 下提供了极长的使用寿命（1500 次循环），容量保持率为 98.2% 和高能量密度 （226 Wh kg–1）。因此，增强的电化学性能说明了共价分子衍生的杂化多功能界面在解决 Na 金属电池中 Na 离子的不规则沉积和加速反应动力学的可行性。