In biological systems, nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule that regulates a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Given the significance of NO, there has been considerable interest in delivering NO exogenously, particularly through light as a non-invasive therapeutic approach. However, due to the high reactivity and instability of NO under physiological conditions, directly delivering NO to targeted sites remains challenging. In recent decades, photo-responsive transition metal–nitrosyl complexes, especially based on first-row transition metals such as Mn, Fe, and Co, have emerged as efficient NO donors, offering higher delivery efficiency and quantum yields than heavy metal–nitrosyl complexes under light exposure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and recent developments in the field of photolabile first-row transition metal–nitrosyl complexes, focusing on the structural and electronic properties, photoreactivity, photodissociation mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications. By consolidating the key features of photoactive nitrosyl complexes, the review offers deeper insights and highlights the potential of first-row transition metal–nitrosyl complexes as versatile tools for photo-triggered NO delivery.

中文翻译：

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带有第一行过渡金属的亚硝基络合物的光触发 NO 释放和治疗应用


在生物系统中，一氧化氮 （NO） 是一种重要的信号分子，可调节广泛的生理和病理过程。鉴于 NO 的重要性，人们对外源性递送 NO 产生了相当大的兴趣，特别是通过光作为一种非侵入性治疗方法。然而，由于 NO 在生理条件下的高反应性和不稳定性，将 NO 直接递送到目标位点仍然具有挑战性。近几十年来，光响应性过渡金属-亚硝基络合物，特别是基于第一行过渡金属（如 Mn、Fe 和 Co）的络合物，已成为高效的 NO 供体，在光照下提供比重金属-亚硝基络合物更高的递送效率和量子产率。本文全面概述了不耐光的第一行过渡金属-亚硝基络合物领域的当前知识和最新发展，重点介绍了结构和电子性质、光反应性、光解离机制和潜在的治疗应用。通过整合光活性亚硝基络合物的关键特征，该综述提供了更深入的见解，并强调了第一行过渡金属-亚硝基络合物作为光触发 NO 递送的多功能工具的潜力。