Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) play a fundamental role in the performance of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and their applications. Although several depletion mode and accumulation mode OMIECs have been utilized for efficient OECT-based glucose sensors, there are still persistent drawbacks such as including biocompatibility, instability, or high detection limits. In this work, a series of indacenodithiophene-based polymeric OMIECs (gIDT, gIDT–T, and gIDT–DTBT) are developed, where the influences of backbone structure on their optical bandgap, energy level, electrochemical propriety, charge transfer and transistor performance, are systematically investigated. By applying KPF₆ electrolyte and vertical device structure, gIDT–DTBT-based vertical OECTs (vOECTs) achieved a maximum output current of –15.63 mA, a maximum transconductance of 39.99 mS, and stable output current (less than ∼2% decay) over 1000 switching cycles. In addition, such vOECTs are employed to detect glucose concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 22.5 μM. A low limit of detection (0.1 μM) and good selectivity are demonstrated. This study indicates that the combination of regulating OMIECs’ backbone structure, selecting appropriate electrolytes, and implementing a vertical device structure can help optimize OECT performance and its biosensor applications.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能垂直有机电化学晶体管和高效葡萄糖传感器的吲二噻吩基聚合物的骨干工程


有机混合离子电子导体 （OMIECs） 在有机电化学晶体管 （OECT） 的性能及其应用中起着重要作用。尽管基于 OECT 的高效葡萄糖传感器已使用几种耗尽模式和蓄积模式 OMIEC，但仍然存在持续的缺点，例如包括生物相容性、不稳定性或高检测限。在这项工作中，开发了一系列基于吲二噻吩的聚合物 OMIECs （gIDT、gIDT-T 和 gIDT-DTBT），其中系统研究了主链结构对其光学带隙、能级、电化学性质、电荷转移和晶体管性能的影响。通过应用 KPF₆ 电解液和垂直器件结构，基于 gIDT-DTBT 的垂直 OECT （vOECT） 在 1000 次开关循环中实现了 –15.63 mA 的最大输出电流、39.99 mS 的最大跨导和稳定的输出电流（小于 ∼2% 衰减）。此外，此类 vOECT 用于检测 0.9 至 22.5 μM 的葡萄糖浓度。检测限低 （0.1 μM） 和良好的选择性。这项研究表明，调节 OMIECs 的骨架结构、选择合适的电解质和实施垂直器件结构的结合有助于优化 OECT 性能及其生物传感器应用。