The Cenozoic topographic growth of the Tibetan Plateau is a pulsed, polyphase process that still requires more constraints. The Cenozoic sedimentary record of the Ningnan Basin, a continental basin located adjacent to the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is a key archive for recording the surface evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. This work reports new provenance data (apatite fission‐track, apatite U–Pb dating, and trace element analysis on the same individual grains) from the Oligocene–Pliocene sedimentary sequence that filled the Ningnan Basin. The data set shows variations in provenance patterns through the Miocene which are related to the tectonic evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In contrast to a primary provenance from the Western Ordos Block (WOB) during the Oligocene, the Miocene sediments were mostly derived from the recycling of Mesozoic successions that occur along the northwestern Haiyuan Fault, documenting it was active in the last ca. 15 Myr. These sediments, in turn, were derived from different orogenic blocks but mainly from different segments of the Qilian Mountains. We show that the Late Miocene–Pliocene sediments were primarily derived from transpressional uplift along the Haiyuan Fault, which affected regions such as the Liupan Mountains. Progressive northeastward migration of tectonic stress since the Middle Miocene has induced extensive regional deformation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, particularly along the Haiyuan Fault. The provenance record of the neighbouring Cenozoic basins is a key archive for deciphering this tectonic evolution.

中文翻译：

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宁南盆地渐新世至上新世沉积物来源：碎屑磷灰石裂变轨迹和 U-Pb 双重测年揭示的青藏高原生长和局部断层的证据


青藏高原的新生代地形生长是一个脉冲的多相过程，仍然需要更多的限制。宁南盆地是位于青藏高原东北缘附近的大陆盆地，其新生代沉积记录是记录青藏高原地表演变的重要档案。这项工作报告了来自宁南盆地的渐新世-上新世沉积序列的新物源数据（磷灰石裂变轨迹、磷灰石 U-Pb 测年和对相同单个颗粒的微量元素分析）。该数据集显示了中新世物源模式的变化，这与青藏高原东北缘的构造演变有关。与渐新世时期鄂尔多斯西部区块 （WOB） 的主要来源相反，中新世沉积物主要来自海源断层西北部发生的中生代演替的循环，记录了它在大约 15 Myr 的最后一个时期活跃。这些沉积物反过来又来自不同的造山块，但主要来自祁连山脉的不同段。我们表明，晚中新世-上新世沉积物主要来自海源断层沿线的跨压隆起，影响了六盘山脉等地区。中新世以来构造应力逐渐向东北迁移，在青藏高原东北部，特别是海源断裂沿线引起了广泛的区域变形。邻近新生代盆地的物源记录是破译这种构造演化的关键档案。