Taking advantage of the potentially low-cost and environmentally friendly nature of renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaics has long been the aim of the CO₂ electrolysis field. However, there have been sparse reports on the economic and performance implications of coupling these two systems. In this perspective, we present lessons that can be taken from work done in water electrolysis, summarize the progress that has been made in coupling electrochemical CO₂ reduction systems to intermittent renewable energy sources, and perform a brief economic analysis on energy versus product storage in intermittent systems. Finally, we recommend future research directions, including rigorous studies on the effects of dynamic operation on electrolyzer components, strategies for integrating with continuous downstream processes, synergistic post-product processing via electrification technologies, and leveraging of artificial intelligence and automation to mitigate the unpredictability of CO₂ electrolysis.

中文翻译：

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间歇性 CO2 电解需要在阳光下度过


长期以来，利用风能和光伏等可再生能源潜在的低成本和环保特性一直是 CO₂ 电解领域的目标。然而，关于耦合这两个系统的经济和性能影响的报告很少。从这个角度来看，我们提出了可以从水电解工作中吸取的经验教训，总结了将电化学 CO₂ 还原系统与间歇性可再生能源耦合方面取得的进展，并对间歇性系统中的能源与产品储存进行了简短的经济分析。最后，我们推荐了未来的研究方向，包括对动态操作对电解槽组件影响的严格研究、与连续下游工艺集成的策略、通过电气化技术进行协同产品后处理，以及利用人工智能和自动化来减轻 CO₂ 电解的不可预测性。