Although bioinspired materials with outstanding mechanical properties have been developed successfully, current manufacturing methods are energy consuming and rely on harsh conditions. On the contrary, natural ceramic composites are grown at ambient temperature and pressure, exhibiting high performance that may not be suitable for engineering applications. Based on highly mineralized biological ceramic composites, five key structural elements were identified: (1) anisotropic inorganic building blocks, (2) tight packing of the organic phase, (3) weak inorganic-inorganic interfaces but strong inorganic-organic bonding, (4) complex microstructural arrangements, and (5) presence of water. While there is a bioinspired strategy for each established element, some 3D printing methods appear promising in combining all into a single process. A better assessment on the sustainability of bioinspired ceramic composites and their marketization is also critical in view of future applications. This review serves to inform researchers on approaches to develop sustainable processes for advanced ceramic composites using bioinspiration.

中文翻译：

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用于可持续制造高性能仿生陶瓷增强聚合物复合材料的仿生加工


尽管已成功开发出具有出色机械性能的仿生材料，但目前的制造方法非常耗能，并且依赖于恶劣的条件。相反，天然陶瓷复合材料在环境温度和压力下生长，表现出可能不适合工程应用的高性能。基于高度矿化的生物陶瓷复合材料，确定了五个关键结构元素：（1） 各向异性无机构建单元，（2） 有机相的紧密堆积，（3） 弱的无机-无机界面但强的无机-有机键合，（4） 复杂的微观结构排列，以及 （5） 水的存在。虽然每个已建立的元素都有一个仿生策略，但一些 3D 打印方法似乎很有希望将所有元素整合到一个过程中。鉴于未来的应用，更好地评估仿生陶瓷复合材料的可持续性及其市场化也至关重要。本综述旨在为研究人员提供使用 bioinspiration 为先进陶瓷复合材料开发可持续工艺的方法。