Background

Dietary strategies for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevention have mainly focused on solid foods and nutrients. Emanating evidence suggests that beverage consumption in adulthood may also influence T2DM development, whereas the role of beverages during adolescence remains unknow.

Objective

To examine adolescent beverages consumption, and their changes from adolescence to adulthood in relation to T2DM risk in adulthood.

Methods

This prospective cohort study, conducted within the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II), enrolled 41,317 women who completed a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding their diet in high school and had no diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (1997). Beverage consumption including coffee, tea, regular or diet soda, fruit juice or milk, was assessed using the FFQ. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between beverage consumption in adolescence and risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adulthood, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

During 725,650 person-years of follow-up, 2,844 participants developed T2DM. After adjustment for demographic, lifestyle and dietary risk factors, comparing ≥ 1 serving/day with non-consumers, adolescent coffee [HR, 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 0.98); P-trend = 0.02)] and orange juice [HR, 0.83 (0.71 to 0.96); P-trend = 0.0008)] consumption was associated with lower T2DM risk, whereas, regular soda [HR, 1.37 (1.20 to 1.57); P-trend < 0.0001)] and iced tea [HR, 1.41 (1.21 to 1.65); P-trend < 0.0001)] intake was associated with higher T2DM risk. Increased coffee intake from adolescence to adulthood in 1991 was associated with a lower T2DM risk [HR, 0.70 (0.61 to 0.80); P-trend < 0.0001), comparing ≥ + 3 servings/day with no change], whereas the opposite was observed for increased regular soda [HR, 1.20 (1.06 to 1.35); P-trend = 0.004), comparing ≥ + 1 or more servings/week with no change)] and diet soda consumption [HR, 1.59 (1.41 to 1.80); P-trend = 0.0002), comparing ≥ + 2 servings/day with no change].

Conclusion

Adolescent consumption of coffee or orange juice intake was associated with a lower risk of T2DM, whereas the opposite was observed for intake of regular soda or iced tea. In addition, increased coffee intake was associated with a lower diabetes risk, whereas the opposite was observed for regular or diet soda intake. These data highlight a potentially important role of beverage intake at early life in the etiology of diabetes during adulthood.

中文翻译：

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青春期饮用咖啡和其他饮料对成年期 2 型糖尿病风险的影响

 背景

预防 2 型糖尿病 （T2DM） 的饮食策略主要集中在固体食物和营养素上。有证据表明，成年期饮用饮料也可能影响 T2DM 的发展，而饮料在青春期的作用仍不清楚。

 目的

研究青少年饮料消费量，以及它们从青春期到成年期的变化与成年期 T2DM 风险的关系。

 方法

这项前瞻性队列研究在护士健康研究 II （NHS II） 中进行，招募了 41,317 名女性，她们在高中时完成了关于她们饮食的食物频率问卷 （FFQ），并且在基线时没有糖尿病、心血管疾病或癌症（1997 年）。使用 FFQ 评估饮料消费量，包括咖啡、茶、普通或无糖苏打水、果汁或牛奶。Cox 比例风险模型用于估计青春期饮料消费与成年期 2 型糖尿病 （T2DM） 发生风险之间关联的风险比 （HR），并针对潜在的混杂因素进行调整。

 结果

在 725,650 人年的随访中，有 2,844 名参与者患上了 T2DM。在调整了人口统计学、生活方式和饮食风险因素后，将每天 1 份≥与非消费者相比，青少年咖啡 [HR，0.86（95% 置信区间：0.75 至 0.98）;P 趋势 = 0.02）] 和橙汁 [HR，0.83（0.71 至 0.96）;P 趋势 = 0.0008）] 消费与较低的 T2DM 风险相关，而普通苏打水 [HR，1.37（1.20 至 1.57）;P 趋势 < 0.0001）] 和冰茶 [HR， 1.41 （1.21 至 1.65）;P 趋势 < 0.0001）] 摄入量与较高的 T2DM 风险相关。1991 年从青春期到成年期增加咖啡摄入量与较低的 T2DM 风险相关 [HR，0.70（0.61 至 0.80）;P 趋势 < 0.0001），比较 ≥ + 3 份/天没有变化]，而观察到增加的普通苏打水相反 [HR，1.20（1.06 至 1.35）;P 趋势 = 0.004），比较 ≥ + 每周 1 份或更多份，没有变化）] 和无糖苏打水消费量 [HR，1.59（1.41 至 1.80）;P 趋势 = 0.0002），比较 ≥ + 2 份/天，没有变化]。

 结论

青少年饮用咖啡或橙汁与较低的 T2DM 风险相关，而摄入普通苏打水或冰茶则相反。此外，增加咖啡摄入量与较低的糖尿病风险相关，而常规或无糖苏打水摄入量则相反。这些数据强调了早期饮酒在成年期糖尿病病因中的潜在重要作用。