The shrimp intestine harbors a microbiota that has pivotal roles for host's physiology. Imbalance of shrimp intestinal microbiota has been shown closely related to the occurrence of diseases. The morphological and biological features of the shrimp intestine are considered suboptimal for stable microbial colonization, making the intestinal microbiota composition highly susceptible to the impact of environmental changes or stressors, and particularly unstable. Therefore, the relative unsteadiness of the microbiota composition represents a continuous threat to host survival. Shrimp intestinal microbiota homeostasis is achieved through a dynamic interplay between the microbiota and the host's innate immunity. The shrimp intestine possesses effective innate immune mechanisms that can suppress the uncontrolled proliferation of microbiota components, and simultaneously protect the microbiota from elimination. The mechanism(s) by which the microbial components and the intestinal innate immunity interact with each other to achieve homeostasis represents an interesting interplay between host and microbiota. This review summarizes the current knowledge about intestinal microbiota colonization in shrimp, as well as the intricate mechanisms employed by the intestinal immune system to regulate this microbiota. Moreover, the potential intervention strategies to promote and protect shrimp intestinal homeostasis by modulating the microbiota are also discussed. Thus, this review seeks to comprehensively analyze the current information and contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between the shrimp intestinal microbiota and innate immunity in maintaining shrimp intestinal homeostasis and overall health. This enhanced understanding may potentially open new avenues for aquaculture management and disease mitigation strategies, ultimately benefiting the shrimp farming industry.

中文翻译：

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虾肠道微生物群稳态：微生物群与宿主免疫之间的动态相互作用


虾肠中含有对宿主生理起关键作用的微生物群。虾肠道菌群失衡已被证明与疾病的发生密切相关。虾肠道的形态和生物学特征被认为对于稳定的微生物定植来说是次优的，这使得肠道微生物群组成极易受到环境变化或压力源的影响，尤其是不稳定的。因此，微生物群组成的相对不稳定代表了对宿主生存的持续威胁。虾肠道微生物群稳态是通过微生物群与宿主先天免疫之间的动态相互作用实现的。虾肠具有有效的先天免疫机制，可以抑制微生物群成分不受控制的增殖，同时保护微生物群不被消除。微生物成分和肠道先天免疫相互作用以实现体内平衡的机制代表了宿主和微生物群之间有趣的相互作用。本文总结了目前关于虾体内肠道菌群定植的知识，以及肠道免疫系统调节该微生物群的复杂机制。此外，还讨论了通过调节微生物群来促进和保护虾肠道稳态的潜在干预策略。因此，本综述旨在全面分析当前信息，并有助于更深入地了解虾肠道微生物群与先天免疫在维持虾肠道稳态和整体健康方面的复杂相互作用。 这种更深入的理解可能会为水产养殖管理和疾病缓解策略开辟新的途径，最终使对虾养殖业受益。