The utility of macrophytes in freshwater aquaculture is diverse. We review the benefits of macrophytes in aquaculture into broadly three useful perspectives: (i) Feeding, (ii) Bioremediation, and (iii) Symbiosis. Macrophytes are used as direct food by herbivores for their potential nutrient values with a maximal protein content of 35% (D/W basis) and as ingredients for fish feed preparation with optimal 50% protein inclusion to reduce feed cost in commercial aquaculture. Macrophytes are used for wastewater treatments to eliminate contaminants, including As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, to 99.9%, and to reduce BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) to improve water quality. Intake of remedied wastewater into aquaculture enhances water productivity through phytoplankton growth. An estimate is that 1.0 L of remedied wastewater, particularly sewage effluent adds an average of 0.05 g N & P and 0.99-L freshwater into aquaculture to yield an average of 0.309 g fish. Macrophytes are integrated with fish in commercial aqua-farming. Plants and fish are farmed together in aquaponics. They are used as substrates for some commercial fish species to lay eggs in farming. They are raised with ornamental fish for benefits in aquariums. Nevertheless, extensive studies are required to harness more benefits from macrophytes.

中文翻译：

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大型植物在淡水养殖中用作多方面的好处，包括喂养、生物修复和共生——综述


大型植物在淡水养殖中的用途是多种多样的。我们将大型植物在水产养殖中的好处大致分为三个有用的角度：（i） 喂养，（ii） 生物修复，和 （iii） 共生。大型植物因其潜在的营养价值而被食草动物用作直接食物，最大蛋白质含量为 35%（基于 D/W），并作为鱼饲料制备的成分，蛋白质含量为 50%，以降低商业水产养殖的饲料成本。大型植物用于废水处理，以消除 99.9% 的污染物，包括 As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg 和 Pb，并降低 BOD（生物需氧量）以改善水质。将补救后的废水引入水产养殖，通过浮游植物的生长提高水生产力。估计是，1.0升的补救废水，特别是污水排放物，平均增加了0.05克的氮和磷以及0.99升的淡水到水产养殖中，平均产生0.309克的鱼。大型植物与商业水产养殖中的鱼类相结合。植物和鱼类在鱼菜共生中一起养殖。它们被用作一些商业鱼类在养殖中产卵的基质。它们与观赏鱼一起饲养，以便在水族馆中获益。然而，需要进行广泛的研究才能从大型植物中获得更多好处。