Pristine graphene is potentially an ideal medium for transporting spin information. Proximity effects—where a neighbouring material is used to alter the properties of a material in adjacent (or proximitized) regions—can also be used in graphene to generate and detect spins by acquiring spin–orbit coupling or magnetic exchange coupling. However, the development of seamless spintronic devices that are based only on proximity effects remains challenging. Here we report a two-dimensional graphene spin valve that is enabled by proximity to the van der Waals magnet Cr₂Ge₂Te₆. Spin precession measurements show that the graphene acquires both spin–orbit coupling and magnetic exchange coupling when interfaced with the Cr₂Ge₂Te₆. This leads to spin generation by both electrical spin injection and the spin Hall effect, while retaining spin transport. The simultaneous presence of spin–orbit coupling and magnetic exchange coupling also leads to a sizeable anomalous Hall effect.

原始石墨烯可能是传输自旋信息的理想介质。邻近效应（即使用相邻材料来改变相邻（或模拟）区域中材料的特性）也可用于石墨烯，通过获取自旋-轨道耦合或磁交换耦合来生成和检测自旋。然而，仅基于邻近效应的无缝自旋电子器件的开发仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们报道了一个二维石墨烯自旋阀，它通过靠近范德华磁体 Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ 来实现。自旋进动测量表明，石墨烯在与 Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ 连接时同时获得自旋轨道耦合和磁交换耦合。这导致通过电自旋注入和自旋霍尔效应产生自旋，同时保留自旋传输。自旋轨道耦合和磁交换耦合同时存在也会导致相当大的反常霍尔效应。