Synthetic genomics seeks to design and construct entire genomes to mechanistically dissect fundamental questions of genome function and to engineer organisms for diverse applications, including bioproduction of high-value chemicals and biologics, advanced cell therapies, and stress-tolerant crops. Recent progress has been fuelled by advancements in DNA synthesis, assembly, delivery and editing. Computational innovations, such as the use of artificial intelligence to provide prediction of function, also provide increasing capabilities to guide synthetic genome design and construction. However, translating synthetic genome-scale projects from idea to implementation remains highly complex. Here, we aim to streamline this implementation process by comprehensively reviewing the strategies for design, construction, delivery, debugging and tailoring of synthetic genomes as well as their potential applications.

合成基因组学旨在设计和构建整个基因组，以机械地剖析基因组功能的基本问题，并为各种应用设计生物体，包括高价值化学品和生物制剂的生物生产、先进的细胞疗法和耐逆作物。DNA 合成、组装、递送和编辑的进步推动了最近的进展。计算创新，例如使用人工智能提供功能预测，也为指导合成基因组设计和构建提供了越来越强的能力。然而，将合成基因组规模的项目从想法转化为实施仍然非常复杂。在这里，我们旨在通过全面审查合成基因组的设计、构建、交付、调试和定制策略及其潜在应用来简化这一实施过程。