Global average upper atmosphere temperature changes linked with the Hunga volcanic eruption (January 2022) are analyzed based on satellite measurements and compared with chemistry-climate model simulations. Results show stratospheric cooling of −0.5 to −1.0 K in the middle and upper stratosphere during 2022 through middle 2023, followed by stronger cooling (−1.0 to −2.0 K) in the mesosphere after middle 2023. The cooling patterns follow the upward propagating water vapor (H₂O) anomalies from Hunga, and similar behavior is found between observations and model simulations. While the stratospheric cooling is mainly due to radiative cooling from enhanced H₂O, the mesospheric temperature changes result from ozone losses in the mesosphere, which are in-turn driven by HO_x radicals from Hunga H₂O. Comparisons with the multi-decade climate record show that Hunga impacts on stratospheric temperatures have similar magnitude, but opposite sign, to temperature effects from the large El Chichón (1982) and Pinatubo (1991) volcanic eruptions.

中文翻译：

---

洪加火山喷发对平流层及以上的长期温度影响


根据卫星测量分析了与 Hunga 火山喷发（2022 年 1 月）相关的全球平均高层大气温度变化，并与化学气候模型模拟进行了比较。结果显示，2022 年至 2023 年中期，平流层中上层平流层冷却为 -0.5 至 -1.0 K，随后在 2023 年中期之后，中间层冷却更强（-1.0 至 -2.0 K）。冷却模式遵循 Hunga 向上传播的水蒸气 （H₂O） 异常，并且在观测和模型模拟之间发现了类似的行为。虽然平流层冷却主要是由于增强 H₂O 的辐射冷却，但中间层温度变化是由中间层中的臭氧损失引起的，而中间层温度损失又是由 Hunga H₂O 的 HO_x 自由基驱动的。与几十年的气候记录进行比较表明，Hunga 对平流层温度的影响幅度相似，但符号相反， 到 El Chichón （1982） 和 Pinatubo （1991） 大型火山喷发的温度效应。