Anthropogenically elevated inputs of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) can affect the carbon (C) budget of nutrient‐poor peatlands. Fungi are intimately tied to peatland C budgets due to their roles in organic matter decomposition and symbioses with primary producers; however, the influence of fertilization on peatland fungal composition and diversity remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of fertilization over 10 years on fungal diversity, composition, and functional guilds along an acrotelm (10–20 cm), mesotelm (30–40 cm), and catotelm (60–70 cm) depth gradient at the Mer Bleue bog, Canada. Simultaneous N and PK additions decreased the relative abundance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and lignocellulose‐degrading fungi. Fertilization effects were not more pronounced in the acrotelm relative to the catotelm, nor was there a shift toward nitrophilic taxa after N addition. The direct effect of fertilization significantly decreased the abundance of Sphagnum‐associated fungi, primarily owing to the overarching role of limiting nutrients rather than a decline in Sphagnum cover. Increased nutrient loading may threaten peatland C stocks if lignocellulose‐degrading fungi become abundant and accelerate decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter. Additionally, future changes in plant communities, strong water table fluctuations, and peat subsidence after long‐term nutrient loading may also influence fungal functional guilds and depth‐dependencies of fungal community structure.

中文翻译：

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泥炭地真菌群落对营养物质富集的反应：超越氮的故事


人为增加的氮 （N）、磷 （P） 和钾 （K） 输入会影响营养贫乏泥炭地的碳 （C） 预算。由于真菌在有机物分解中的作用以及与初级生产者共生，因此与泥炭地 C 预算密切相关;然而，施肥对泥炭地真菌组成和多样性的影响仍不清楚。在这里，我们研究了 10 年受精对加拿大 Mer Bleue 沼泽沿顶端 （10-20 cm）、mesotelm （30-40 cm） 和 catotelm （60-70 cm） 深度梯度的真菌多样性、组成和功能公会的影响。同时添加 N 和 PK 降低了类菌根真菌的相对丰度，并增加了外生菌根真菌和木质纤维素降解真菌。相对于 catotelm，顶端的受精效应并不更明显，添加 N 后也没有向嗜氮类群转变。施肥的直接影响显着降低了泥炭藓相关真菌的丰度，主要是由于限制营养物质的总体作用，而不是泥炭藓覆盖率的下降。如果木质素纤维素降解真菌变得丰富并加速顽固有机物的分解，养分负荷的增加可能会威胁泥炭地 C 种群。此外，植物群落的未来变化、强烈的地下水位波动和长期养分负荷后的泥炭沉降也可能影响真菌功能公会和真菌群落结构的深度依赖性。