For the valorization of Chaenomeles speciosa leaves, this study focused on extraction, enrichment, chemical profiling, and investigation of the biological activity of its abundant triterpenoid components. Initially, the total triterpenoids in C. speciosa leaves were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, with the extraction process optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions of extraction solvent 93 % EtOH, ultrasound power 390 W, extraction time 30 min, extraction temperature 70 °C, liquid-to-solid ratio 25 mL/g, and 2 extraction cycles, the maximum total triterpenoids yield (TTY) reached 36.77 ± 0.40 mg/g. The total triterpenoids in the crude extract were subsequently enriched by X-5 resin column chromatography, resulting in a fourfold increase in purity, reaching 73.27 ± 0.84 %. Thirteen compounds in the triterpenoid-rich fraction (TRF) were identified through UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS, and five major triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, maslinic acid, and pomolic acid) were simultaneously quantified by HPLC–QQQ-MS. Furthermore, TRF demonstrated a notable amelioration against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, indicating its promise as a potent intervention for this condition. In summary, this study will contribute to enhancing the utilization efficiency of Chaenomeles speciosa leaves.

中文翻译：

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超声辅助提取 Chaenomeles speciosa 叶片中的三萜类化合物：工艺优化、吸附富集、化学分析和预防溃疡性结肠炎


为了对 Chaenomeles speciosa 叶片进行价值化，本研究侧重于提取、富集、化学分析和研究其丰富的三萜类成分的生物活性。最初，采用超声辅助提取 （UAE） 方法提取 C. speciosa 叶片中的总三萜类化合物，并通过响应面法 （RSM） 优化提取过程。在萃取溶剂 93 % EtOH、超声功率 390 W、萃取时间 30 min、萃取温度 70 °C、液固比 25 mL/g、2 次萃取循环的最佳条件下，三萜总产率 （TTY） 达到 36.77 ± 0.40 mg/g。随后通过 X-5 树脂柱色谱富集粗提取物中的总三萜类化合物，纯度提高了四倍，达到 73.27 ± 0.84 %。通过UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS鉴定了富含三萜类化合物（TRF）的13种化合物，并通过HPLC-QQQ-MS同时定量了5种主要的三萜类化合物（齐墩果酸、熊果酸、白桦脂酸、山楂酸和波摩尔酸）。此外，TRF 对葡聚糖硫酸钠 （DSS） 诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎有显著改善作用，表明其有望作为治疗这种情况的有效干预措施。综上所述，本研究有助于提高 Chaenomeles speciosa 叶片的利用效率。