Gadolinium (Gd), commonly used in contrast agents for medical imaging, has been detected in hospital wastewater and aquatic environments, raising environmental concerns. This study examined the accumulation and cellular impacts of Gd in the clam species Donax trunculus, commonly used as bioindicator of contamination. Gadolinium accumulation in clams increased with exposure and over time. Biological responses varied with Gd levels: low concentrations (10 and 50 µg/L) led to low metabolic activity and glycogen content, but high antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation levels (LPO); high concentrations (250 and 500 µg/L) resulted in increased metabolic activity, while antioxidant enzyme activity was inhibited and LPO levels were the lowest. Metabolic activity decreased after two weeks, suggesting limited long-term metabolic resilience. The study underscores D. trunculus as an effective early warning species for Gd pollution and highlights the ecological risks of rising Gd levels, emphasizing the need for environmental monitoring and regulation.

中文翻译：

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评估钆污染对海洋双壳类 Donax 截轴的影响：对环境健康的影响


钆 （Gd） 常用于医学成像造影剂，已在医院废水和水生环境中检测到，引发了环境问题。本研究检查了 Gd 在蛤蜊物种 Donax trunculus 中的积累和细胞影响，Donax trunculus 通常用作污染的生物指标。蛤蜊体内的钆积累随着暴露和时间的增加而增加。生物反应随 Gd 水平而变化：低浓度（10 和 50 μg/L）导致低代谢活性和糖原含量，但高抗氧化活性和脂质过氧化水平 （LPO）;高浓度 （250 和 500 μg/L） 导致代谢活性增加，而抗氧化酶活性受到抑制，LPO 水平最低。两周后代谢活动下降，表明长期代谢恢复力有限。该研究强调 D. trunculus 是 Gd 污染的有效早期预警物种，并强调了 Gd 水平上升的生态风险，强调了环境监测和监管的必要性。