Spectrophotometers are ubiquitous in chemical and biological science; however, their precision limits are under-appreciated. Rules-of-thumb and IUPAC referenced guidance restricting absorbance ranges to minimize uncertainty are based on historically important instruments which are no longer as widely used. Advances over the last half-century changed most “raw” data from absorbance and transmittance values directly produced in analog electronics to digitized intensities. The latter are rarely provided in favour of digitally transformed derived data. Assessment of spectrophotometer limitations using digitized intensities would be straightforward with mean-variance analysis. However, in their absence, derived data evaluated at scale allows efficient characterisation of modern spectrophotometers.

中文翻译：

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分光光度法中的原始数据和噪声


分光光度计在化学和生物科学中无处不在;但是，它们的精度限制被低估了。限制吸光度范围以最大限度地减少不确定性的经验法则和 IUPAC 参考指南基于历史上重要的仪器，这些仪器不再被广泛使用。过去半个世纪的进步将大多数“原始”数据从模拟电子学直接产生的吸光度和透射率值更改为数字化强度。后者很少提供，以支持数字化转型的派生数据。使用数字化强度评估分光光度计的局限性将直接用于均值方差分析。然而，在没有它们的情况下，大规模评估的衍生数据可以有效地表征现代分光光度计。