Indoor environmental quality is of utmost importance since urban populations spend a large proportion of their life in confined spaces. Supermarkets offer a wide range of products and services that are prone to emitting several air pollutants. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive characterisation of the indoor and outdoor air quality in a multinational supermarket, encompassing not only criteria parameters but also unregulated pollutants of concern. Monitoring included measurements of comfort parameters, CO₂, multiple gaseous pollutants, particulate matter (PM₁₀) and bioburden. PM₁₀, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls were subject to chemical speciation. Globally, the supermarket presented CO₂, VOCs, and PM₁₀ values below the limits imposed by international regulations. The PM₁₀ concentration in the supermarket was 33.5 ± 23.2 μg/m³, and the indoor-to-outdoor PM₁₀ ratio was 1.76. Carbonaceous constituents represented PM₁₀ mass fractions of 21.6% indoors and 15.3% outdoors. Due to the use of stainless-steel utensils, flour and fermentation processes, the bakery proved to be a pollution hotspot, presenting the highest concentrations of PM₁₀ (73.1 ± 9.16 μg/m³), PM₁₀-bound elements (S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, and Cr) and acetaldehyde (42.7 μg/m³). The maximum tetrachloroethylene level (130 μg/m³) was obtained in the cleaning products section. The highest values of colony-forming units of bacteria and fungi were recorded in the bakery, and fruit and vegetable section. The most prevalent fungal species was Penicillium sp., corresponding to 56.9% of the total colonies. In addition, other fungal species/sections with toxicological or pathogenic potential were detected (Aspergillus sections Aspergilli, Circumdati, Flavi, Mucor and Fusarium sp.).

中文翻译：

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对一家国际连锁超市的颗粒物、气态污染物和微生物污染进行全面分析


室内环境质量至关重要，因为城市人口一生中的大部分时间都在狭窄的空间内度过。超市提供种类繁多的产品和服务，这些产品和服务容易排放多种空气污染物。本研究旨在对一家跨国超市的室内和室外空气质量进行全面表征，不仅包括标准参数，还包括不受监管的关注污染物。监测包括舒适度参数、CO₂、多种气态污染物、颗粒物 （PM₁₀） 和生物负荷的测量。PM₁₀ 、挥发性有机化合物 （VOCs） 和羰基化合物受到化学形态的影响。在全球范围内，该超市的 CO₂、VOC 和 PM₁₀ 值低于国际法规规定的限值。超市的 PM₁₀ 浓度为 33.5 ± 23.2 μg/m³，室内外 PM₁₀ 比值为 1.76。碳质成分在室内占 PM₁₀ 质量分数的 21.6%，在室外占 15.3%。由于使用不锈钢器皿、面粉和发酵过程，面包店被证明是一个污染热点，_PM10（73.1 ± 9.16 μg/m³）、PM₁₀ 结合元素（S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti 和 Cr）和乙醛 （42.7 μg/m³） 的浓度最高。在清洁产品部分获得最高四氯乙烯水平 （130 μg/m³）。细菌和真菌的菌落形成单位的值最高，记录在面包店、水果和蔬菜部分。最普遍的真菌种类是青霉菌属，占总菌落的 56.9%。 此外，还检测到其他具有毒理学或致病潜力的真菌种类/切片 （曲霉属 Aspergilli、Circumdati、Flavi、Mucor 和 Fusarium sp.）。