当前位置: X-MOL 学术Lancet › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
The Lancet ( IF 98.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 , DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01925-1


Background

Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends—in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted—is imperative for continuing progress in pregnancy loss reduction. This analysis, completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, methodically accounted for different stillbirth definitions with the aim of comprehensively estimating all stillbirths at 20 weeks or longer for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

We extracted data on stillbirths from 11 412 sources across 185 of 204 countries and territories, including 234 surveys, 231 published studies, 1633 vital statistics reports, and 10 585 unique location-year combinations from vital registration systems. Our final dataset comprised 11 different definitions, which were adjusted to match two gestational age thresholds: 20 weeks or longer (reference) and 28 weeks or longer (for comparisons). We modelled the ratio of stillbirth rate to neonatal mortality rate with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression for each location and year, and then used final GBD 2021 assessments of fertility and all-cause neonatal mortality to calculate total stillbirths. Secondary analyses evaluated the number of stillbirths missed with the more restrictive gestational age definition, trends in stillbirths as a function of Socio-demographic Index, and progress in reducing stillbirths relative to neonatal deaths.

Findings

In 2021, the global stillbirth rate was 23·0 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 19·7–27·2) per 1000 births (stillbirths plus livebirths) at 20 weeks' gestation or longer, compared to 16·1 (13·9–19·0) per 1000 births at 28 weeks' gestation or longer. The global neonatal mortality rate in 2021 was 17·1 (14·8–19·9) per 1000 livebirths, corresponding to 2·19 million (1·90–2·55) neonatal deaths. The estimated number of stillbirths occurring at 20 weeks' gestation or longer decreased from 5·08 million (95% UI 4·07–6·35) in 1990 to 3·04 million (2·61–3·62) in 2021, corresponding to a 39·8% (31·8–48·0) reduction, which lagged behind a global improvement in neonatal deaths of 45·6% (36·3–53·1) for the same period (down from 4·03 million [3·86–4·22] neonatal deaths in 1990). Stillbirths in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa comprised 77·4% (2·35 million of 3·04 million) of the global total, an increase from 60·3% (3·07 million of 5·08 million) in 1990. In 2021, 0·926 million (0·792–1·10) stillbirths, corresponding to 30·5% of the global total (3·04 million), occurred between 20 weeks' gestation and 28 weeks' gestation, with substantial variation at the country level.

Interpretation

Despite the gradual global decline in stillbirths between 1990 and 2021, the overall number of stillbirths remains substantially high. Counting all stillbirths is paramount to progress, as nearly a third—close to 1 million in total—are left uncounted at the 28 weeks or longer threshold. Our findings draw attention to the differential progress in reducing stillbirths, with a high burden concentrated in countries with low development status. Scarce data availability and poor data quality constrain our capacity to precisely account for stillbirths in many locations. Addressing inequities in universal maternal health coverage, strengthening the quality of maternal health care, and improving the robustness of data systems are urgently needed to reduce the global burden of stillbirths.

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


中文翻译:


1990-2021 年,204 个国家和地区孕 20 周或以上的全球、区域和国家死产:2021 年全球疾病负担研究的结果


 背景


死产是一种毁灭性的,而且往往是可以避免的不良妊娠结局。以不遗漏任何人的全面方式监测死产水平和趋势,对于在减少流产方面取得持续进展至关重要。这项分析是 2021 年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究 (GBD) 的一部分,系统地解释了不同的死产定义,目的是全面估计 1990 年至 2021 年期间 204 个国家和地区的所有 20 周或更长时间的死产。

 方法


我们从 204 个国家和地区中 185 个国家和地区的 11 412 个来源提取了死产数据,包括 234 项调查、231 项已发表的研究、1633 份生命统计报告以及来自生命登记系统的 10 585 个独特的位置-年份组合。我们的最终数据集包括 11 个不同的定义,这些定义经过调整以匹配两个胎龄阈值:20 周或更长时间(参考)和 28 周或更长时间(用于比较)。我们用每个地点和年份的时空高斯过程回归对死产率与新生儿死亡率的比率进行建模,然后使用 GBD 2021 对生育率和全因新生儿死亡率的最终评估来计算总死产。二次分析评估了使用更严格的胎龄定义漏诊的死产数量、死产趋势与社会人口指数的关系,以及相对于新生儿死亡减少死产的进展。

 发现


2021 年,妊娠 20 周或以上的全球死产率为每 1000 名新生儿 23·0(95% 不确定性区间 [UI] 19·7-27·2),而妊娠 28 周或以上时每 1000 名新生儿 16·1 (13·9-19·0)。2021 年全球新生儿死亡率为每 1000 例活产 17·1 (14·8-19·9),相当于 2·19 百万 (1·90-2·55) 例新生儿死亡。妊娠 20 周或以上发生的死产估计数量从 1990 年的 5·08 万(95% UI 4·07-6·35)下降到 2021 年的 3·04 万(2·61-3·62),相当于减少了 39·8%(31·8-48·0),落后于同期新生儿死亡率全球改善 45·6% (36·3-53·1)(低于 4·03 万 [3·86-4·22] 新生儿死亡率1990 年去世)。南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲的死产占全球总数的 77·4%(3·04 万中的 2·35 百万),比 1990 年的 60·3%(5·08 百万中的 3·07 万)有所增加。2021 年,0·9.26 亿 (0·792-1·10) 死产发生在妊娠 20 周和 28 周之间,占全球总数(3·04 百万)的 30·5%,国家层面存在很大差异。

 解释


尽管 1990 年至 2021 年期间全球死产率逐渐下降,但死产总数仍然很高。计算所有死产对进展至关重要,因为在 28 周或更长时间的阈值处,近三分之一(总计近 100 万)未被计算在内。我们的研究结果提请注意在减少死产方面取得的不同进展,其中高负担集中在发展状况低的国家。稀缺的数据可用性和数据质量差限制了我们精确计算许多地方死产的能力。迫切需要解决全民孕产妇健康覆盖方面的不平等问题,加强孕产妇保健质量,提高数据系统的稳健性,以减轻死产的全球负担。

 资金


比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会。
更新日期:2024-11-05
down
wechat
bug