Sierra de las Nieves is the southernmost National Park in continental Spain and, in a global warming scenario, it is important to determine the impacts of climatic variations on the vegetation, with special relevance to their reproductive cycles. The flowering seasonality and intensity of the dominant anemophilous species usually reflect the response of the vegetation to climate variations, which can be monitored through the atmospheric pollen concentrations. In this study, airborne pollen was analysed for 6 years (2018–2023). A pollen calendar was elaborated to show the flowering seasonality and intensity of the dominant anemophilous taxa. Spring was the season with the highest airborne pollen diversity and intensity, Quercus being the pollen type with the highest concentrations. We observed that weather conditions influenced the presence of airborne pollen. Precipitation and relative humidity reduce pollen concentrations, while temperature rises increase them during the pre-peak period and reduce them during the post-peak. Wind dynamics play different roles depending on the pollen type considered given the heterogeneous distribution of the pollen emission sources. Significant advances were detected in the start date of the main pollen season of Quercus and Olea, as well as in the peak date of Quercus. On the contrary, other taxa such as Pinus or Poaceae did not show any trend. This brings to the fore that the responses to climatic variations may differ from one taxon to another, a continuous study in natural areas being required for detecting possible changes in the observed trends.

中文翻译：

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西班牙大陆最南端的国家公园 Sierra de las Nieves 的开花季节性和空气传播花粉的最新趋势


Sierra de las Nieves 是西班牙大陆最南端的国家公园，在全球变暖的情况下，确定气候变化对植被的影响非常重要，尤其是与植被的繁殖周期相关。主要嗜风物种的开花季节性和强度通常反映了植被对气候变化的响应，这可以通过大气花粉浓度进行监测。在这项研究中，对空气传播的花粉进行了 6 年 （2018-2023） 的分析。精心制作了花粉日历，以显示主要嗜风类群的开花季节性和强度。春季是空气传播花粉多样性和强度最高的季节，栎属是浓度最高的花粉类型。我们观察到天气条件会影响空气中花粉的存在。降水和相对湿度会降低花粉浓度，而温度升高会在高峰前增加花粉浓度，在高峰后降低花粉浓度。鉴于花粉排放源的异质分布，风动力学根据所考虑的花粉类型起着不同的作用。在 Quercus 和 Olea 的主要花粉季节的开始日期以及 Quercus 的高峰日期中检测到了显着的进展。相反，其他分类群，如 Pinus 或 Poaceae 没有表现出任何趋势。这凸显出，对气候变化的反应可能因分类群而异，需要在自然区域进行持续研究以检测观察到的趋势的可能变化。