Roots perform multifaceted functions in plants such as movement of nutrients and water, sensing stressors, shaping microbiome, and providing structural support. How roots perceive and respond above traits at the molecular level remains largely unknown. Despite the enormous advancements in crop improvement, the majority of recent efforts have concentrated on above-ground traits leaving significant knowledge gaps in root biology. Also, studying root system architecture (RSA) is more difficult due to its intricacy and the difficulties of observing them during plant life cycle which has made it difficult to identify desired root traits for the crop improvement. However, with the aid of high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping tools many developmental and stress-mediated regulation of RSA has emerged in both model and crop plants leading to new insights in root biology. Our current understanding of upstream signaling events (cell wall, apoplast) in roots and how they are interconnected with downstream signaling cascades has largely been constrained by the fact that most research in plant systems concentrate on cytosolic signal transduction pathways while ignoring the early perception by cells’ exterior parts. In this regard, we discussed the role of FERONIA (FER) a cell wall receptor-like kinase (RLK) which acts as a sensor and a bridge between apoplast and cytosolic signaling pathways in root biology.

中文翻译：

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FERONIA 在根系生长、养分吸收、压力感应和微生物组组装中的作用的分子观点


根在植物中执行多方面功能，例如养分和水的运动、感知压力源、塑造微生物组和提供结构支持。根如何在分子水平上感知和响应上述性状在很大程度上仍然未知。尽管作物改良取得了巨大进步，但最近的大多数努力都集中在地上性状上，这在根系生物学方面留下了巨大的知识空白。此外，研究根系结构 （RSA） 更加困难，因为它的复杂性以及在植物生命周期中难以观察它们，这使得很难确定作物改良所需的根系性状。然而，在高通量表型和基因分型工具的帮助下，模型植物和作物中都出现了许多发育和胁迫介导的 RSA 调节，从而为根系生物学提供了新的见解。我们目前对根中上游信号事件（细胞壁、质外体）以及它们如何与下游信号级联相互作用的理解在很大程度上受到以下事实的限制：植物系统中的大多数研究都集中在胞质信号转导途径上，而忽略了细胞外部的早期感知。在这方面，我们讨论了 FERONIA （FER） 的作用，这是一种细胞壁受体样激酶 （RLK），在根生物学中充当质外体和胞质溶质信号通路之间的传感器和桥梁。