The effective regeneration of bone/cartilage defects remains a significant clinical challenge, causing irreversible damage to millions annually. Conventional therapies such as autologous or artificial bone grafting often yield unsatisfactory outcomes, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative treatment methods. Biomaterial-based strategies, including hydrogels and active scaffolds, have shown potential in promoting bone/cartilage regeneration. Among them, injectable hydrogels have garnered substantial attention in recent years on account of their minimal invasiveness, shape adaptation, and controlled spatiotemporal release. This review systematically discusses the synthesis of injectable hydrogels, bioinspired approaches-covering microenvironment, structural, compositional, and bioactive component-inspired strategies-and their applications in various bone/cartilage disease models, highlighting bone/cartilage regeneration from an innovative perspective of bioinspired design. Taken together, bioinspired injectable hydrogels offer promising and feasible solutions for promoting bone/cartilage regeneration, ultimately laying the foundations for clinical applications. Furthermore, insights into further prospective directions for AI in injectable hydrogels screening and organoid construction are provided.

中文翻译：

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用于骨再生的仿生可注射水凝胶


骨/软骨缺损的有效再生仍然是一个重大的临床挑战，每年对数百万人造成不可逆转的损害。自体或人工骨移植等常规疗法通常产生不令人满意的结果，这凸显了对创新治疗方法的迫切需求。基于生物材料的策略，包括水凝胶和活性支架，已显示出促进骨骼/软骨再生的潜力。其中，可注射水凝胶因其微创性、形状适应性和受控的时空释放而近年来受到广泛关注。本文系统讨论了可注射水凝胶的合成、生物启发方法——涵盖微环境、结构、组成和生物活性成分启发策略——及其在各种骨/软骨疾病模型中的应用，从生物启发设计的创新角度突出了骨/软骨再生。综上所述，仿生注射水凝胶为促进骨骼/软骨再生提供了有前途且可行的解决方案，最终为临床应用奠定了基础。此外，还提供了对 AI 在可注射水凝胶筛选和类器官构建中的进一步前瞻性方向的见解。