In halide perovskite solar cells, certain compositions, especially those with a high mixture of anions, degrade rapidly. Here, a degradation study compares the photo (exposure to light), thermal (exposure to elevated temperatures), and photo-plus-thermal (combination) stability of three representative perovskite compositions chosen for their relatively high performance and to independently test anion versus cation effects. Based upon experience and reports, the compositions studied are triple cation with a high Br ratio (Cs_0.05(FA_0.98MA_0.02)_0.95Pb(I_0.5Br_0.5)₃), all iodide with a moderately high Cs ratio (FA_0.8Cs_0.2PbI₃), and FA-dominated triple cation (Cs_0.05(FA_0.98MA_0.02)_0.95Pb(I_0.98Br_0.02)₃). Cs_0.05(FA_0.98MA_0.02)_0.95Pb(I_0.98Br_0.02)₃ displayed the best combined photo-plus-thermal stability. Degradation mechanisms were investigated by comparing the morphology, surface composition, and bulk and interface carrier dynamics. Under the harshest aging conditions (photo-plus-thermal), phase segregation and vaporization of organic cations occurred, along with the appearance of high-energy states indicating the interaction with C₆₀. The findings were verified on perovskite films blade-coated in air used in devices (FTO/NiOx/SAM/Perovskite/C₆₀/BCP/Cu), achieving an efficiency of 21.9% alongside correlated stability.

中文翻译：

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揭示常见钙钛矿太阳能电池组合物的综合光热稳定性


在卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池中，某些成分，尤其是那些具有高阴离子混合物的成分，会迅速降解。在这里，一项降解研究比较了三种代表性钙钛矿成分的照片（暴露在光线下）、热（暴露在高温下）和光加热（组合）稳定性，这些成分因其相对较高的性能而被选中，并独立测试阴离子与阳离子效应。根据经验和报告，研究的成分是具有高 Br 比的三重阳离子 （Cs_0.05（FA_0.98MA_0.02）_0.95Pb（I_0.5Br_0.5）₃），所有碘化物具有中等高 Cs 比 （FA_0.8Cs_0.2PbI₃），以及 FA 为主的三重阳离子 （Cs_0.05（FA_0.98MA_0.02）_0.95Pb（I_0.98Br_0.02）₃）。Cs_0.05（FA_0.98MA_0.02）_0.95Pb（I_0.98Br_0.02）₃ 显示出最佳的光加热稳定性。通过比较形态、表面组成以及块状和界面载流子动力学来研究降解机制。在最苛刻的老化条件（光加热）下，有机阳离子发生了相偏析和汽化，同时出现了表明与 C₆₀ 相互作用的高能态。这些发现在器件 （FTO/NiOx/SAM/Perovskite/C₆₀/BCP/Cu） 中使用的空气叶片涂层的钙钛矿薄膜上得到了验证，实现了 21.9% 的效率以及相关的稳定性。