Misinformation is a major focus of intervention efforts. Psychological inoculation—an intervention intended to help people identify manipulation techniques—is being adopted at scale around the globe. Yet the efficacy of this approach for increasing belief accuracy remains unclear, as prior work uses synthetic materials that do not contain claims of truth. To address this issue, we conducted five studies with 7,286 online participants using a set of news headlines based on real-world true/false content in which we systematically varied the presence or absence of emotional manipulation. Although an emotional manipulation inoculation did help participants identify emotional manipulation, there was no improvement in participants’ ability to tell truth from falsehood. However, when the inoculation was paired with an intervention that draws people’s attention to accuracy, the combined intervention did successfully improve truth discernment (by increasing belief in true content). These results provide evidence for synergy between popular misinformation interventions.

错误信息是干预工作的主要重点。心理接种（一种旨在帮助人们识别操纵技术的干预措施）正在全球范围内大规模采用。然而，这种方法对提高信念准确性的有效性仍不清楚，因为之前的工作使用不包含真理声明的合成材料。为了解决这个问题，我们对 7,286 名在线参与者进行了 5 项研究，使用了一组基于真实世界真/假内容的新闻标题，在这些标题中，我们系统地改变了情绪操纵的存在与否。尽管情绪操纵接种确实帮助参与者识别情绪操纵，但参与者分辨真假的能力没有提高。然而，当接种与引起人们对准确性的关注的干预措施相结合时，联合干预确实成功地提高了对真相的辨别力（通过增加对真实内容的信念）。这些结果为流行的错误信息干预之间的协同作用提供了证据。