DNA's extraordinary potential reaches far beyond its role as a carrier of genetic information. It serves as a remarkably adaptable structural foundation for constructing intricate nanostructures with a diverse range of functionalities. This inherent programmability sets DNA apart from other biomolecules like peptides, proteins, and small molecules. By covalently attaching DNA to synthetic hydrophobic moieties, researchers create DNA amphiphiles capable of interacting with artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes. These hybrid structures have rapidly gained prominence due to their promising potential in the medical field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the synthesis of DNA amphiphiles and their assembly into well-defined nanostructures. It explores the diverse applications of these nanostructures across various medical domains, including targeted drug delivery, innovative immunotherapies, and gene-silencing techniques. Moreover, the review delves into the current challenges and prospects of this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential of DNA hybrid materials to revolutionize medical treatments and diagnostics. By addressing the limitations and exploring new avenues of research, scientists aim to unlock the full potential of DNA nanotechnology for the benefit of human health.

中文翻译：

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DNA 两亲性纳米结构：合成、表征和应用


DNA 的非凡潜力远远超出了其作为遗传信息载体的作用。它是构建具有多种功能的复杂纳米结构的适应性非常强的结构基础。这种固有的可编程性使 DNA 有别于肽、蛋白质和小分子等其他生物分子。通过将 DNA 共价连接到合成的疏水部分上，研究人员创造了能够与人工脂质双层和细胞膜相互作用的 DNA 两亲物。由于这些混合结构在医疗领域的潜力巨大，因此迅速受到关注。本综述全面概述了 DNA 两亲物合成及其组装成定义明确的纳米结构的最新进展。它探讨了这些纳米结构在各个医学领域的各种应用，包括靶向药物递送、创新免疫疗法和基因沉默技术。此外，该综述深入探讨了这一快速发展的领域的当前挑战和前景，强调了 DNA 杂交材料彻底改变医学治疗和诊断的潜力。通过解决局限性和探索新的研究途径，科学家们旨在释放 DNA 纳米技术的全部潜力，造福人类健康。