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A microarray‐based IgE‐molecular mimicry index (IgE‐MMI): A biomarker for disease severity, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic response in atopic dermatitis?
Allergy ( IF 12.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 , DOI: 10.1111/all.16377
Enrico Scala, Stefania Madonna, Damiano Abeni, Lorenzo Cecchi, Barbara Cocuroccia, Anna Dattolo, Gaia Moretta, Alessia Provini, Filomena Russo, Donatella Sordi, Sabatino Pallotta, Marco Galluzzo, Marina Talamonti, Valeria Villella, Mauro Giani, Elisabetta Caprini, Cristina Albanesi, Danilo Villalta, Riccardo Asero, Paolo Maria Matricardi

BackgroundThe role of autoimmune IgE responses in atopic dermatitis (AD) is highly debated. While IgE targeting self‐proteins has been extensively studied, IgE responses induced by human‐homologous exogenous molecular allergens (HEMAs) remains less understood.AimTo investigate whether IgE antibody responses to HEMAs are associated with AD, its severity, and response to dupilumab.MethodsWe enrolled 3325 participants with a history of allergic diseases, including 577 (17.3%) diagnosed with AD. Serum IgE antibodies against 183 exogenous allergenic molecules were measured using the IgE microarray (Allergy Explorer‐ALEX‐2®, MADX, Vienna). Based on international classification criteria, participants were stratified by AD severity and clinical phenotypes. For each patient, we developed an ‘IgE molecular‐mimicry index’ (IgE‐MMI), calculated from IgE reactivity to a panel of five HEMA protein families: arginine kinase, enolase (ENO), cyclophilin (CYP), lipocalin, and MnSOD. Logistic regression was employed to assess the association between IgE to HEMAs or IgE‐MMI and AD, its severity, and response to dupilumab.ResultsIgE sensitization to most HEMAs (32/48, 67%), but only to a small fraction of non‐HEMAs (3/135, 2.2%), was significantly more common in patients with severe AD compared to other patient groups. The IgE‐MMI was positive in 295/2748 (10.7%) of allergic patients without AD, and in 58/283 (20%), 52/134 (39%), and 86/160 (54%) of patients with remitting, moderate, or severe AD, respectively. It was strongly associated with specific phenotypes, such as flexural dermatitis (OR 8.4, 95% CI: 6.3–11.2), head and neck dermatitis (OR: 16.5, 95% CI: 7.4–37.2), and generalized eczema (OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 4.9–15.6). Poor response to dupilumab was associated with IgE antibodies to ENO (OR: 22.7, 95% CI: 1.7–302.9), but inversely associated with IgE antibodies to MnSOD (OR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.02–0.8) and NPC‐2 from dust mites (OR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.01–0.9).ConclusionIgE microarrays are useful for broadly assessing IgE to HEMAs in allergic patients. IgE reactivity to HEMAs and a positive IgE‐MMI may serve as valuable biomarkers for severe AD, its clinical phenotypes, and the response to dupilumab.

中文翻译:


基于微阵列的 IgE 分子模拟指数 (IgE-MMI):特应性皮炎疾病严重程度、临床表型和治疗反应的生物标志物?



背景自身免疫性 IgE 反应在特应性皮炎 (AD) 中的作用备受争议。虽然靶向自身蛋白的 IgE 已得到广泛研究,但由人同源外源分子过敏原 (HEMA) 诱导的 IgE 反应仍知之甚少。目的研究 IgE 抗体对 HEMAs 的反应是否与 AD、其严重程度和对 dupilumab 的反应有关。方法我们招募了 3325 名有过敏性疾病史的参与者,其中 577 名 (17.3%) 被诊断患有 AD。使用 IgE 微阵列 (Allergy Explorer-ALEX-2®, MADX, Vienna) 测量针对 183 种外源性过敏分子的血清 IgE 抗体。根据国际分类标准,参与者按 AD 严重程度和临床表型进行分层。对于每位患者,我们开发了一个“IgE 分子模拟指数”(IgE-MMI),根据 IgE 反应性计算得出,该指数对五个 HEMA 蛋白家族:精氨酸激酶、烯醇化酶 (ENO)、亲环蛋白 (CYP)、脂质运载蛋白和 MnSOD。采用 Logistic 回归评估 IgE 与 HEMA 或 IgE-MMI 和 AD 之间的关联、其严重程度和对 dupilumab 的反应。结果与其他患者群体相比,重度 AD 患者对大多数 HEMA (32/48, 67%) 的 IgE 致敏,但仅对一小部分非 HEMA (3/135, 2.2%) 致敏。295/2748 (10.7%) 的无 AD 过敏患者和 58/283 (20%) 、52/134 (39%) 和 86/160 (54%) 的缓解、中度或重度 AD 患者 IgE-MMI 呈阳性。它与特定表型密切相关,例如弯曲性皮炎 (OR 8.4,95% CI: 6.3-11.2)、头颈部皮炎 (OR: 16.5, 95% CI: 7.4-37.2) 和全身性湿疹 (OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 4.9-15.6)。 对度普利尤单抗反应不佳与针对 ENO 的 IgE 抗体(OR:22.7,95% CI:1.7-302.9)相关,但与 MnSOD 的 IgE 抗体(OR:0.1,95% CI:0.02-0.8)和尘螨的 NPC-2 呈负相关(OR:0.1,95% CI:0.01-0.9)。结论IgE 芯片可用于广泛评估过敏患者 IgE 与 HEMAs 的 IgE。对 HEMA 的 IgE 反应性和阳性 IgE-MMI 可作为严重 AD、其临床表型和对 dupilumab 反应的有价值的生物标志物。
更新日期:2024-11-04
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