The extraction of lithium has become increasingly critical due to the soaring demand for lithium-ion batteries, which power a wide range of products from smartphones to electric vehicles. Lithium, the lightest metal, boasts exceptional energy density, making it ideal for portable electronics and renewable energy storage solutions, addressing environmental pollution issues simultaneously. However, extracting and recycling lithium ions is highly challenging due to its low natural abundance, significant mining difficulties, and environmental concerns. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their intricate and designable structures as well as abundant and regulated pore environments, have emerged as promising candidates for lithium extraction. The tailored porous structures of MOFs could enable efficient lithium ion sieving and capture. This review aims to discuss the design principles of targeted MOFs and their lithium extraction capabilities, as well as the common analysis methods during these processes. We seek to provide a comprehensive summary of the field and promote the development of advanced materials for practical lithium extraction applications.

中文翻译：

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通过金属有机框架提取锂


由于对锂离子电池的需求飙升，锂的提取变得越来越重要，锂离子电池为从智能手机到电动汽车的各种产品提供动力。锂是最轻的金属，拥有卓越的能量密度，使其成为便携式电子产品和可再生能源存储解决方案的理想选择，同时解决环境污染问题。然而，由于其自然丰度低、采矿困难严重且存在环境问题，因此提取和回收锂离子极具挑战性。金属有机框架 （MOF） 具有复杂且可设计的结构以及丰富且受调节的孔隙环境，已成为锂提取的有前途的候选者。MOF 的定制多孔结构可以实现高效的锂离子筛分和捕获。本文旨在讨论靶向 MOF 的设计原理及其锂提取能力，以及这些过程中常见的分析方法。我们寻求提供该领域的全面总结，并促进用于实际锂提取应用的先进材料的发展。