Heterostructure engineering offers significant potential to advance the energy storage capabilities of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The typical presence of rich surface states in nanosemiconductors, however, introduces substantial surface barriers that impede surface conductivity, thereby limiting the performance of batteries. Herein, we developed a mix-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure (Bi2S3@NC/SnS2@NC) by synthesizing p-type SnS2 nanosheets on n-type Bi2S3 nanorods, bridged with an ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) layer. This structure served as an anode, improving electrochemical performance through additional redox reaction sites and a porous structure that supports electrolyte flow and Na+ transport. This reduces mechanical stress during charging cycles, maintaining structural integrity. Most critically, theoretical and experimental analyses show that the NC layer passivates interface states, enhancing the built-in electrical field and reducing electron and Na+ transport resistance, thereby boosting redox activity. Consequently, the Bi2S3@NC/SnS2@NC anode exhibits a high specific capacity of 290 mAh g−1 after 1400 cycles at 5 A g−1, and 233.6 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 A g−1. In full-cell setups with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes, it can maintain 461.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. This work demonstrates the crucial role of heterostructure engineering in advancing efficient energy storage solutions.

中文翻译：

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Bi2S3 纳米棒和 SnS2 纳米片的混合维范德华异质结构与 N 掺杂碳夹层桥接用于增强型钠离子电池


异质结构工程为提高钠离子电池 （SIB） 的储能能力提供了巨大的潜力。然而，纳米半导体中通常存在的丰富表面态引入了大量的表面屏障，阻碍了表面导电性，从而限制了电池的性能。在此，我们通过在 n 型 Bi2S3 纳米棒上合成 p 型 SnS2 纳米片，用超薄氮掺杂碳 （NC） 层桥接，开发了一种混合维范德华异质结构 （Bi2S3@NC/SnS2@NC）。这种结构用作阳极，通过额外的氧化还原反应位点和支持电解质流动和 Na+ 传输的多孔结构来改善电化学性能。这减少了充电循环期间的机械应力，保持了结构完整性。最关键的是，理论和实验分析表明，NC 层钝化了界面状态，增强了内置电场并降低了电子和 Na+ 传输电阻，从而提高了氧化还原活性。因此，Bi2S3@NC/SnS2@NC 阳极在 5 A g-1 下循环 1400 次后表现出 290 mAh g-1 的高比容量，在 10 A g-1 的高速率下表现出 233.6 mAh g-1 的高比容量。在使用 Na3V2（PO4）3 阴极的全电池设置中，在 0.1 A g-1 下循环 100 次后，它可以保持 461.4 mAh g-1。这项工作证明了异质结构工程在推进高效储能解决方案中的关键作用。