Wax deposition in constant-temperature transportation of waxy oil with high pour points poses a significant challenge for the oil industry. The demand for efficient methods to solve wax deposition has gained attention. To elucidate the impact of emulsion-based wax inhibitors on the performance of crude oils with varying wax content at low temperatures, experiments, rheological analyses, and microscopic analyses were conducted to study their pour point regulation, low-temperature flow improvement, wax prevention effectiveness, and wax crystallization behavior. The results indicate that emulsion-based wax inhibitors significantly reduce the pour point of crude oil, especially for high-wax-content oil, while for low-wax-content oil, the pour point only decreased by 3°C. By penetrating and dispersing wax crystals, the inhibitor reduced the viscosity of crude oil at low temperatures, enhancing its flowability. At 28°C, crude oil transitioned from a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid to a Newtonian fluid at wax inhibitor dosages of 500−750 ppm. At 1000 ppm, the wax prevention rate for high-wax-content oil reached 87.5%, but the effect plateaued beyond this concentration. Additionally, the wax prevention and removal mechanism of the emulsion-based wax inhibitors is discussed. This study confirms that emulsion-based wax inhibitors significantly enhance the low-temperature processability of crude oil, offering a viable strategy for the conveyance and refinement in cold climates.

中文翻译：

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使用乳液基蜡抑制剂优化高蜡含量原油的低温性能：机理和功效


高倾点蜡质油的恒温运输中的蜡沉积对石油行业构成了重大挑战。对解决蜡沉积问题的有效方法的需求已引起人们的关注。为了阐明乳液基防蜡剂对不同蜡含量原油在低温下性能的影响，进行了实验、流变学分析和微观分析，以研究其倾点调节、低温流动改善、防蜡效果和蜡结晶行为。结果表明，乳化型防蜡剂显著降低了原油的倾点，尤其是高蜡含量油，而低蜡含量油的倾点仅降低了 3°C。 通过渗透和分散蜡晶体，抑制剂降低了原油在低温下的粘度，增强了其流动性。在 28°C 时，原油在防蜡剂剂量为 500-750 ppm 时从剪切稀化的非牛顿流体转变为牛顿流体。在 1000 ppm 时，高蜡含量油的防蜡率达到 87.5%，但超过此浓度后效果趋于稳定。此外，还讨论了乳液基防蜡剂的防蜡和除蜡机理。本研究证实，基于乳液的蜡抑制剂显着增强了原油的低温加工性能，为寒冷气候下的输送和精炼提供了一种可行的策略。