OBJECTIVES Contextual factors that contribute to firearm injuries among children aged 0 to 10 are not well understood. METHODS A retrospective review of the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System was conducted for firearm deaths of children aged 0 to 10 from 2004 to 2020. Descriptive analyses characterized child and parent demographics, incident details, firearm characteristics, and firearm use. Cluster analysis identified key clustering of contextual variables to inform prevention efforts. RESULTS Within the study timeframe, 1167 child firearm deaths were reported (Mage = 4.9; 63.2% male; 39.4% urban). At the time of the incident, 52.4% of firearms were reported unlocked and 38.5% loaded. Firearm deaths occurred primarily at the child's home (69.0%) or a friend or relative's home (15.9%), with most involving a handgun (80.6%). Children were supervised in 74.6% of incidents, and 38.4% of child supervisors were impaired during the incident. Cluster analysis identified incident contextual factors clustering in distinct groups, including unsupervised firearm play, long gun discharge while cleaning, hunting, or target shooting, supervised discharge within the child's home, murder-suicide events, deaths occurring in the context of intimate partner violence, and community violence firearm deaths. CONCLUSIONS Data highlight the importance of primary prevention through secure firearm storage to prevent child firearm deaths. Efforts focused on identifying and reducing intimate partner violence, addressing community violence (eg, community greening), and implementing policy that limit firearm access (eg, domestic violence restraining orders, background checks), may reduce child firearm deaths.

中文翻译：

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影响儿童枪支死亡的背景因素。


目的 导致 0 至 10 岁儿童枪支伤害的背景因素尚不清楚。方法 对 2004 年至 2020 年 0 至 10 岁儿童的枪支死亡进行了国家死亡审查-病例报告系统的回顾性回顾。描述性分析描述了儿童和家长的人口统计数据、事件细节、枪支特征和枪支使用情况。聚类分析确定了背景变量的关键聚类，为预防工作提供信息。结果 在研究时间范围内，报告了 1167 起儿童枪支死亡事件（Mage = 4.9;63.2% 男性;39.4% 城市）。事件发生时，据报道 52.4% 的枪支未上锁，38.5% 的枪支上膛。枪支死亡主要发生在孩子的家中 （69.0%） 或朋友或亲戚的家中 （15.9%），其中大多数涉及手枪 （80.6%）。在 74.6% 的事件中，儿童受到监督，38.4% 的儿童监督员在事件中受到损害。聚类分析确定了聚集在不同群体中的事件背景因素，包括无人监督的枪支游戏、清洁、狩猎或打靶时长时间开枪、儿童家中的监督放电、谋杀自杀事件、在亲密伴侣暴力背景下发生的死亡，以及社区暴力枪支死亡。结论 数据强调了通过安全枪支储存进行一级预防以防止儿童枪支死亡的重要性。专注于识别和减少亲密伴侣暴力、解决社区暴力（如社区绿化）和实施限制枪支获取的政策（如家庭暴力限制令、背景调查）的努力，可能会减少儿童枪支死亡。