A playwright, philosopher, and president, Václav Havel was well known at home and abroad for all his “careers” and contributions. This article compares and contrasts the recognition accorded to Havel at home and abroad, examining differing assessments and aspects of his legacy—his key contributions to politics, history, and the history of ideas. Within the Czech Republic, we refer to processes and types of memorialization such as local media, exhibitions, how Havel is and was referenced in protest, and more “official” memorials. This national process of reclaiming Havel increasingly brings his domestic profile into accord with his long-standing international stature—which was decidedly not the case while he was in political office. By following avenues of evidence and example from institutional and official levels to more decentralized, local, and unofficial initiatives, we explore which aspects of Havel’s own usable past are referenced, which in turn illuminates how collective memory is shaped. The process of memorializing Havel and paying tribute to his ideas and legacy is necessarily unfinished. Although he died in 2011, how Havel is remembered will continue to evolve, along with larger national and international discussions of dissidence and the impact of Charter 77, as both he and the Velvet Revolution continue to resonate in movements for political change in authoritarian regimes.

中文翻译：

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瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔（Václav Havel）：追授一位民族英雄？


瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔 （Václav Havel） 是一位剧作家、哲学家和总统，他的所有“事业”和贡献都享誉国内外。本文比较和对比了国内外对哈维尔的认可，研究了不同的评估和他遗产的各个方面——他对政治、历史和思想史的主要贡献。在捷克共和国，我们指的是纪念的过程和类型，例如当地媒体、展览、抗议中如何引用哈维尔以及更多“官方”纪念活动。这种重新夺回哈维尔的全国性进程越来越使他的国内形象与他长期以来的国际地位相一致——在他担任政治职务时，情况显然并非如此。通过遵循从机构和官方层面到更加分散、地方和非官方倡议的证据和例子途径，我们探讨了哈维尔自己可用的过去的哪些方面被引用，这反过来又阐明了集体记忆是如何形成的。纪念哈维尔并向他的思想和遗产致敬的过程必然是未完成的。尽管哈维尔于 2011 年去世，但人们如何纪念哈维尔将继续发展，以及关于异见人士和《七七宪章》影响的更大规模的国内和国际讨论，因为他和天鹅绒革命继续在威权政权的政治变革运动中产生共鸣。