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MRI-Based Prediction of Macrovascular Causes of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The MACRO Score.
Neurology ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 , DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209950
Simon Fandler-Höfler,Gareth Ambler,Martina B Goeldlin,Lena Obergottsberger,Gerit Wünsch,Markus Kneihsl,Wenpeng Zhang,Yang Du,Martina Locatelli,Hatice Ozkan,Philip S Nash,Oliver Nistl,Larysa Panteleienko,Rom Mendel,Kitti Thiankhaw,Robert J Simister,Hans Rolf Jäger,Christian Enzinger,David J Seiffge,Thomas Gattringer,David J Werring

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although most spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) are due to cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs), between 1 in 7 and 1 in 10 are due to a macrovascular cause. Rapid diagnosis has important therapeutic and prognostic implications but sometimes requires digital subtraction angiography (DSA), an invasive procedure which cannot be performed in all patients. MRI provides optimal sensitivity for markers of SVD but was not included in previous risk stratification scores. We aimed to create and validate a risk stratification score for macrovascular causes of ICH including MRI findings to guide diagnosis and further investigations. METHODS We pooled data from 2 large observational study cohorts (London/United Kingdom and Graz/Austria) of consecutive patients with ICH who had brain MRI and at least 1 angiographic modality within 90 days of symptom onset. The primary outcome was a macrovascular cause of ICH (arteriovenous malformation/dural arteriovenous fistula, aneurysm, cavernoma, or cerebral venous thrombosis), with the diagnosis based on neurovascular multidisciplinary meetings. Using lasso logistic regression, we built the MRI Assessment of the Causes of intRacerebral haemOrrhage (MACRO) score to assess the probability of a macrovascular cause. We performed internal validation using bootstrapping and external validation in an independent cohort (Bern/Switzerland). RESULTS We included 1,043 patients with ICH (mean age 66 years, 42% female), 78 of whom had a macrovascular cause (7.5%). The final score includes age (0-39, 40-69, or ≥70), location of ICH (lobar, deep, or infratentorial), and SVD markers on MRI (≥1 microbleed, ≥1 lacune, presence of cortical superficial siderosis, or white matter hyperintensities using the Fazekas scale). The MACRO score showed an optimism-adjusted c-statistic of 0.90 (95% CI 0.88-0.93), superior to existing CT-based scores (p < 0.001). In external validation, the c-statistic was 0.87 (95% CI 0.80-0.94). MACRO scores ≥6 (59.5% of patients) indicated a very low risk of a macrovascular cause (0.2%), while scores ≤2 (9% of patients) indicated a high risk (48.9%). DISCUSSION The MRI-based MACRO score shows excellent performance in predicting the likelihood of macrovascular causes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, making it useful in guiding further investigations. Important limitations include the observational study design and the performance of DSA in a minority of patients.

中文翻译:


基于 MRI 的脑出血大血管原因预测:MACRO 评分。



背景和目标 尽管大多数自发性脑出血 (ICH) 是由脑小血管疾病 (SVD) 引起的,但每 7 到 10 中就有 1 例是由于大血管原因。快速诊断具有重要的治疗和预后意义,但有时需要数字减影血管造影 (DSA),这是一种侵入性手术,无法对所有患者进行。MRI 为 SVD 标志物提供了最佳敏感性,但未包含在以前的风险分层评分中。我们旨在创建和验证 ICH 大血管原因的风险分层评分,包括 MRI 结果,以指导诊断和进一步调查。方法 我们汇总了 2 个大型观察性研究队列 (伦敦/英国和格拉茨/奥地利) 的数据,这些患者在症状出现后 90 天内接受了脑部 MRI 和至少 1 种血管造影检查。主要结局是 ICH 的大血管原因 (动静脉畸形/硬脑膜动静脉瘘、动脉瘤、海绵状瘤或脑静脉血栓形成),诊断基于神经血管多学科会议。使用 lasso logistic 回归,我们构建了 MRI 评估 intRacerebral 出血原因 (MACRO) 评分,以评估大血管原因的可能性。我们在独立队列 (Bern/Switzerland) 中使用 bootstrap 进行内部验证和外部验证。结果 我们纳入了 1,043 例 ICH 患者 (平均年龄 66 岁,42% 为女性),其中 78 例为大血管原因 (7.5%)。最终评分包括年龄 (0-39、40-69 或 ≥70)、ICH 的位置 (肺叶、深部或幕下) 和 MRI 上的 SVD 标志物 (≥1 微出血、≥1 腔隙、皮质浅表铁质沉着症的存在,或使用 Fazekas 量表的白质高信号)。 MACRO 评分显示乐观调整后的 c 统计量为 0.90 (95% CI 0.88-0.93),优于现有的基于 CT 的评分 (p < 0.001)。在外部验证中,c 统计量为 0.87 (95% CI 0.80-0.94)。MACRO 评分 ≥6 分(59.5% 的患者)表明大血管原因的风险非常低 (0.2%),而 ≤2 分(9% 的患者)表明风险很高 (48.9%)。讨论基于 MRI 的 MACRO 评分在预测自发性脑出血的大血管原因的可能性方面表现出优异的性能,使其有助于指导进一步的检查。重要的局限性包括观察性研究设计和 DSA 在少数患者中的表现。
更新日期:2024-10-31
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