Stephen Smith launched a 40-year effort to bring trees to New York City streets in 1872, the year he founded the American Public Health Association (APHA). Smith argued that street trees would mitigate the adverse health effects of Manhattan's summer heat and help purify the air. The young APHA endorsed Smith's position and gave trees a prominent role in urban sanitation, but public health turned away from trees and urban reform movements as it adopted a biomedical public health model in the late 19th century. Nevertheless, Smith wrote and campaigned for a successful 1902 law requiring the New York City Parks Department to assume management of street trees in the name of public health. He then led a 1914 campaign to force the department to uphold his law. New York's street tree program has had an erratic trajectory, but it now generally follows Smith's vision. Public health could play a bigger role in creating greener cities and mitigating climate change with more field research and the health in all policies approach that Smith used to bring trees to Manhattan's streets in 1914. (Am J Public Health. 2025;115(1):66-74. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307856).

中文翻译：

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曼哈顿的行道树：一个未完成的公共卫生故事。


斯蒂芬·史密斯 （Stephen Smith） 于 1872 年发起了一项为期 40 年的努力，将树木带到纽约市的街道上，那一年他创立了美国公共卫生协会 （APHA）。史密斯认为，行道树可以减轻曼哈顿夏季炎热对健康的不利影响，并有助于净化空气。年轻的 APHA 支持史密斯的立场，并赋予树木在城市卫生中的重要作用，但公共卫生在 19 世纪后期采用生物医学公共卫生模式时，远离了树木和城市改革运动。尽管如此，史密斯还是撰写并争取了 1902 年一项成功的法律，要求纽约市公园局以公共卫生的名义承担行道树的管理工作。然后，他领导了 1914 年的一场运动，迫使该部门维护他的法律。纽约的行道树计划轨迹不稳定，但现在总体上遵循史密斯的愿景。通过更多的实地研究和史密斯在 1914 年将树木带到曼哈顿街道的 Health in all policies 方法，公共卫生可以在创建更绿色的城市和缓解气候变化方面发挥更大的作用。（美国公共卫生杂志，2025 年;115(1):66-74.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307856）。