In order to understand and curb the harms related to alcohol, it will be necessary to think beyond patterns of use that meet criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, or addiction. Current research suggests that regular daily alcohol use does not confer a health benefit, and for many persons, even relatively low consumption is associated with a health risk. Determining a safe limit for alcohol consumption is challenging both for the individual person and for society. We conclude that excessive drinking is always risky. We provide a list of circumstances, such as chronic illness, driving a vehicle, or pregnancy where persons should be advised to abstain from alcohol. We recognize the need to encourage less consumption of alcohol, particularly in young adults, and in older adults with co-morbid conditions particularly when taking multiple medications. Finally, we offer the modest proposal that, for persons without the contributing negative influences described above, consumption which adheres to one drink per session, with interspersed abstinent days, does not constitute a meaningful risk to health.

中文翻译：

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饮酒有安全限度吗？


为了了解和遏制与酒精相关的危害，有必要超越符合酒精使用障碍或成瘾诊断标准的使用模式。目前的研究表明，每天经常饮酒不会带来健康益处，对许多人来说，即使是相对较低的饮酒量也会带来健康风险。确定酒精消费的安全限度对个人和社会都具有挑战性。我们得出的结论是，过度饮酒总是有风险的。我们提供了一份情况清单，例如慢性病、驾驶车辆或怀孕，应建议人们戒酒。我们认识到需要鼓励减少饮酒，尤其是在年轻人和患有合并症的老年人中，尤其是在服用多种药物时。最后，我们提出一个适度的建议，即对于没有上述负面影响的人来说，每次喝一杯，并穿插禁欲几天的饮酒，不会对健康构成有意义的风险。