The present study aimed to investigate hostile and benevolent sexist experiences of women in Turkey. We translated and adapted the Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (EASI) and the Experiences with Benevolent Sexism Scale (EBSS) to the Turkish culture, which has higher average rates of sexism than the U.S., where the scales were originally developed. Three samples of college women (Ns = 245, 455, and 555) rated the frequencies of EASI and EBSS events. We also assessed participants’ psychological well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-efficacy), aspirations, and ambivalent sexist attitudes. The findings provide preliminary support for the construct validity of the scales in a Turkish context, demonstrating that the EASI and EBSS measure benevolent experiences (i.e., protective paternalism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy) and EASI also assesses hostile experiences (i.e., hostile sexism and heterosexual hostility). More frequent experiences of hostile sexism, protective paternalism, and complementary gender differentiation were related to lower levels of well-being, whereas heterosexual hostility and heterosexual intimacy were related to higher levels of well-being. Heterosexual hostility and heterosexual intimacy were also related to higher extrinsic aspirations. Participants rated benevolent experiences as more frequent but less distressing than hostile ones. Overall, these findings indicate that ambivalent sexist experiences are significant for women’s psychological wellbeing and aspirations.

本研究旨在调查土耳其女性的敌意和善意的性别歧视经历。我们将矛盾性别歧视体验量表 （EASI） 和善意性别歧视体验量表 （EBSS） 翻译并改编为土耳其文化，土耳其文化的平均性别歧视率高于最初开发量表的美国。三个女大学生样本 （Ns = 245 、 455 和 555） 对 EASI 和 EBSS 事件的频率进行了评级。我们还评估了参与者的心理健康（即生活满意度、自尊、自我效能感）、愿望和矛盾的性别歧视态度。研究结果为量表在土耳其背景下的构建有效性提供了初步支持，表明 EASI 和 EBSS 测量仁慈的经历（即保护性家长制、互补的性别分化和异性恋亲密关系），EASI 还评估敌对经历（即敌对性别歧视和异性恋敌意）。更频繁的敌对性别歧视、保护性家长制和互补性性别分化的经历与较低的幸福感水平有关，而异性恋的敌意和异性恋亲密关系与较高的幸福感水平有关。异性恋敌意和异性恋亲密关系也与更高的外在愿望有关。参与者认为仁慈的经历比敌对的经历更频繁，但更不令人痛苦。总体而言，这些发现表明，矛盾的性别歧视经历对女性的心理健康和愿望具有重要意义。