Over the past 15 years, Argentina has experienced a consistent stagnation in rice grain yield, diverging from the substantial annual increases observed in other South American countries. It is important to understand the causes of this stagnation to take corrective measures to increase the productivity and competitiveness of Argentine rice farmers. This research incorporates data from ten growing seasons to explore rice yield improvements through enhanced management practices. Our study aims to determine the yield potential and yield gap and to identify key factors associated with yield losses in irrigated rice fields in Argentina. Yield and management practice data from farmers were collected via a survey that included 2470 site-year observations (2010–2020). The yield potential was simulated using the Oryza model. The yield gap was calculated as the difference between the yield potential and the average yield from the field. Our findings indicated that 22% of the current yield gap is due to the sowing date, 9% is associated with the adoption of rotation/succession, and 5% is associated with the early onset of irrigation up to the V3 stage. The implementation of these practices has demonstrated the potential to reduce the current yield gap from 48% to 33%. Additionally, previous work has shown that the amounts of N and K fertilizers influence the yield gap. Rice yield stagnation is limited by both low genetic progress and farmers’ reluctance to adopt improved management practices. Hence, a 10-day shift toward early sowing in Argentina (high yield versus low yield) would result in a 510 kg ha⁻¹ yield increase. Addressing these management issues illustrates the power of this approach for impact assessment to support policy and investment prioritization and for monitoring the impact of research and extension programs.

在过去 15 年中，阿根廷的水稻产量一直停滞不前，与其他南美国家观察到的年度大幅增长不同。了解这种停滞的原因以采取纠正措施来提高阿根廷稻农的生产力和竞争力非常重要。本研究整合了 10 个生长季节的数据，以探索通过加强管理实践提高水稻产量。我们的研究旨在确定产量潜力和产量差距，并确定与阿根廷灌溉稻田产量损失相关的关键因素。通过一项调查收集农民的产量和管理实践数据，该调查包括 2470 个现场年度观察（2010-2020 年）。使用 Oryza 模型模拟产量潜力。产量差距计算为潜在产量与田间平均产量之间的差值。我们的研究结果表明，当前产量差距的 22% 是由于播种日期，9% 与采用轮作/连续有关，5% 与灌溉早开始到 V3 阶段有关。这些做法的实施表明，有可能将目前的产量差距从 48% 缩小到 33%。此外，以前的研究表明，氮肥和钾肥的用量会影响产量差距。水稻产量停滞受到遗传进展缓慢和农民不愿采用改进的管理方法的限制。因此，在阿根廷转向早播 10 天（高产与低产）将导致 510 公斤 ^ha-1 的产量增加。 解决这些管理问题说明了这种方法在影响评估方面的力量，以支持政策和投资的优先次序，以及监测研究和推广计划的影响。