We present a candidate sensor for future spectroscopic applications, such as a Stage-5 Spectroscopic Survey Experiment or the Habitable Worlds Observatory. This type of charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor features multiple in-line amplifiers at its output stage allowing multiple measurements of the same charge packet, either in each amplifier or in the different amplifiers. Recently, the operation of an eight-amplifier sensor has been experimentally demonstrated, and we present the operation of a 16-amplifier sensor. This new sensor enables a noise level of ∼1 erms− with a single sample per amplifier. In addition, it is shown that sub-electron noise can be achieved using multiple samples per amplifier. In addition to demonstrating the performance of the 16-amplifier sensor, we aim to create a framework for future analysis and performance optimization of this type of detectors. New models and techniques are presented to characterize specific parameters, which are absent in conventional CCDs and Skipper CCDs: charge transfer between amplifiers and independent and common noise in the amplifiers and their processing.

中文翻译：

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16 种多放大器传感电荷耦合器件和表征技术，适用于下一代天文仪器


我们提出了一种用于未来光谱应用的候选传感器，例如第 5 阶段光谱巡天实验或宜居世界天文台。这种类型的电荷耦合器件 （CCD） 传感器在其输出级具有多个直插式放大器，允许在每个放大器或不同放大器中对同一电荷包进行多次测量。最近，已经通过实验证明了 8 放大器传感器的工作原理，我们介绍了 16 放大器传感器的工作原理。这种新型传感器可实现 ∼1 erms− 的噪声水平，每个放大器只有一个样品。此外，结果表明，每个放大器使用多个样本可以实现亚电子噪声。除了演示 16 放大器传感器的性能外，我们还旨在为此类探测器的未来分析和性能优化创建一个框架。提出了新的模型和技术来表征传统 CCD 和 Skipper CCD 中不存在的特定参数：放大器之间的电荷转移以及放大器及其处理中的独立和常见噪声。