Despite routine detection of coseismic acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) observations, models of the earthquake-atmosphere-ionosphere dynamics, essential for validating data-driven studies, remain limited. We present the results of three-dimensional numerical simulations encompassing the entire coupling from Earth's interior to the ionosphere during the $M_w$ 7.8 2016 Kaikoura earthquake. Incorporating the impact of data/model uncertainties in estimating the ionospheric state, the results show a good agreement between observed and simulated slant TEC (sTEC) signals, assessed through a set of metrics. The signals exhibit intricate waveforms, resulting from the integrated nature of TEC and phase cancellation effects, emphasizing the significance of direct signal comparisons along realistic line-of-sight paths. By comparing simulation results initialized with kinematic and dynamic source models, the study demonstrates the quantifiable sensitivity of sTEC to AGW source specifications, pointing to their utility in the analysis of coupled dynamics.

中文翻译：

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斜总电子含量观测中同震大气动力学和电离层响应的三维数值模拟


尽管在全球导航卫星系统 （GNSS） 总电子含量 （TEC） 观测中常规检测到同震声重力波 （AGW），但对于验证数据驱动研究至关重要的地震-大气-电离层动力学模型仍然有限。我们展示了三维数值模拟的结果，包括 ${\mathrm{2016\; 年\; M}}_w$ 7.8 凯库拉地震期间从地球内部到电离层的整个耦合。在估计电离层状态时，结合数据/模型不确定性的影响，结果表明，通过一组指标进行评估，观测和模拟的倾斜 TEC （sTEC） 信号之间具有良好的一致性。信号表现出复杂的波形，这是由于 TEC 和相位抵消效应的集成性质而产生的，强调了沿实际视距路径进行直接信号比较的重要性。通过比较使用运动学和动态源模型初始化的仿真结果，该研究证明了 sTEC 对 AGW 源规格的可量化敏感性，指出了它们在耦合动力学分析中的实用性。