Capabilities of 43 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to simulate the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) were compared in this study. Models with higher MJO simulation skills reproduce organized large-scale convection more frequently over the equatorial western Pacific (EWP), suggesting that MJO simulations are tightly connected to organization of large-scale precipitation over the EWP. MJO simulation skills are not significantly correlated with the mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the EWP, but tightly connected to SST threshold for convection there. The top simulations exhibit lower SST threshold and more realistic SST-precipitation relationship over the EWP, suggesting that convection can be organized more efficiently and intensified more rapidly with the increasing SST in these simulations. Our results emphasize that reproducing the relationship between SST and large-scale precipitation over the EWP is critical to MJO simulations.

中文翻译：

---

赤道西太平洋 SST-降水关系对 Madden-Julian 涛动模拟的影响


本研究比较了耦合模式比较计划第 6 阶段 （CMIP6） 的 43 个模型模拟 Madden-Julian 振荡 （MJO） 的能力。具有较高 MJO 模拟技能的模型在赤道西太平洋 （EWP） 上更频繁地再现了有组织的大尺度对流，这表明 MJO 模拟与 EWP 上大尺度降水的组织密切相关。MJO 模拟技能与 EWP 上的平均海面温度 （SST） 没有显著相关性，但与那里的对流 SST 阈值密切相关。顶部模拟在 EWP 上表现出较低的 SST 阈值和更真实的 SST -降水关系，表明在这些模拟中，随着 SST 的增加，对流可以更有效地组织和更快地增强。我们的结果强调，在 EWP 上再现 SST 和大尺度降水之间的关系对于 MJO 模拟至关重要。