Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in psychopathology has been hindered by the limitations of categorical nosologies. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an alternative dimensional system for characterizing psychopathology, derived from quantitative studies of covariation among diagnoses and symptoms. HiTOP provides more promising targets for clinical neuroscience than traditional psychiatric diagnoses and can facilitate cumulative integration of existing research. We systematically reviewed 164 human neuroimaging studies with sample sizes of 194 or greater that have investigated dimensions of psychopathology classified within HiTOP. Replicated results were identified for constructs at five different levels of the hierarchy, including the overarching p-factor, the externalizing superspectrum, the thought disorder and internalizing spectra, the distress subfactor, and the depression symptom dimension. Our review highlights the potential of dimensional clinical neuroscience research and the usefulness of HiTOP while also suggesting limitations of existing work in this relatively young field. We discuss how HiTOP can be integrated synergistically with neuroscience-oriented, transdiagnostic frameworks developed by the National Institutes of Health, including the Research Domain Criteria, Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Phenotyping Assessment Battery, and how researchers can use HiTOP to accelerate clinical neuroscience research in humans and other species. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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精神病理学的分层分类法和寻找精神疾病的神经生物学基础：未来研究的系统评价和路线图。


了解精神病理学所涉及的神经生物学机制一直受到分类病理学局限性的阻碍。精神病理学分层分类法 （HiTOP） 是描述精神病理学特征的另一种维度系统，源自对诊断和症状之间协变的定量研究。与传统的精神病学诊断相比，HiTOP 为临床神经科学提供了更有前途的靶点，并且可以促进现有研究的累积整合。我们系统评价了 164 项样本量为 194 或更大的人类神经影像学研究，这些研究调查了 HiTOP 分类的精神病理学维度。为层次结构的五个不同级别的结构确定了重复的结果，包括总体 p 因子、外化超谱、思维障碍和内化谱、痛苦子因子和抑郁症状维度。我们的综述强调了维度临床神经科学研究的潜力和 HiTOP 的有用性，同时也提出了这个相对年轻的领域现有工作的局限性。我们讨论了 HiTOP 如何与美国国立卫生研究院开发的面向神经科学的跨诊断框架协同整合，包括研究领域标准、成瘾神经临床评估和美国国家药物滥用研究所的表型评估电池，以及研究人员如何使用 HiTOP 来加速人类和其他物种的临床神经科学研究。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。