OBJECTIVE There are documented gender disparities in the legal field. We examined whether gender representation on civil trial teams varied on the basis of (a) the degree of regional gender bias "in the air" and (b) time. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that women were underrepresented both on trial teams and in leadership roles within those teams. We predicted that these gender disparities were exacerbated in regions with stronger regional gender bias and that these gender disparities attenuated over time. METHOD We coded attorney gender and case outcomes in real civil trials (N = 655). We created regional implicit and explicit gender bias scores based on the year and region of the case using Project Implicit data. Finally, we used order-constrained inference and Bayesian modeling to identify the best-performing models. RESULTS Overall, women represented only 17% of attorneys at trial and 13% in leadership roles-indicating vast gender disparities. Gender disparities on teams and in leadership roles were more extreme in regions with high (vs. low) regional gender bias (teams: Bayes factor [BF] = 9,182; leadership: BF = 91,667) and improved over time (teams: BF = 6,420; leadership: BF = 3,495). Gender alone best predicted the likelihood of serving in a leadership role (BF = 1,197,397). CONCLUSIONS Female attorneys were grossly underrepresented on civil trial teams. Gender representation on teams, but not leadership roles, has improved slightly over time. Culture may also contribute; women were less represented on trial teams in regions with greater gender bias in the air-particularly in leadership roles. Despite these slight improvements in representation on trial teams over time and in low-bias regions, gender disparities in leadership roles persist over time and levels of regional bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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区域性别偏见和年份预测民事审判团队的性别代表性。


目的 法律领域存在记录在案的性别差异。我们研究了民事审判团队中的性别代表性是否根据 （a） “空气中”的区域性别偏见程度和 （b） 时间而变化。假设 我们假设女性在试验团队和这些团队中的领导角色中的代表性不足。我们预测，这些性别差异在区域性别偏见较强的地区会加剧，并且这些性别差异会随着时间的推移而减弱。方法 我们对真实民事审判中的律师性别和案件结果进行编码 （N = 655）。我们使用 Project Implicit 数据根据案件的年份和地区创建了区域隐性和显式性别偏见评分。最后，我们使用顺序约束推理和贝叶斯建模来确定性能最佳的模型。结果总体而言，女性在审判中仅占律师的 17%，在领导角色中仅占 13%，这表明存在巨大的性别差异。在区域性别偏见高（相对于低）的地区（团队：贝叶斯因子 [BF] = 9,182;领导力：BF = 91,667）和随着时间的推移而改善（团队：BF = 6,420;领导力：BF = 3,495）。仅性别最能预测担任领导职务的可能性 （BF = 1,197,397）。结论 女性律师在民事审判团队中的代表性严重不足。随着时间的推移，团队中的性别代表性略有提高，但领导角色中没有。文化也可能起到贡献作用;在 AIR 性别偏见较大的地区，女性在试验团队中的代表性较低，尤其是在领导角色中。 尽管随着时间的推移和低偏倚地区的试验团队代表性略有改善，但随着时间的推移和区域偏倚的程度，领导角色的性别差异仍然存在。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。