Attachment theory, as originally outlined by Bowlby (1973, 1980, 1969/1982), suggests that the ways people think, feel, and behave in close relationships are shaped by the dynamic interplay between their genes and their social environment. Research on adult attachment, however, has largely focused on the latter, providing only a partial picture of how attachment styles emerge and develop throughout life. The present research leveraged data from the Minnesota Twin Registry, a large sample of older adult twins (N = 1,377 twins; 678 pairs; Mage = 70.40 years, SD = 5.42), to examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to adult attachment styles. Participants reported on both their general attachment styles and relationship-specific attachments to their mothers, fathers, partners, and best friends. The results suggest that attachment styles are partly heritable (∼36%) and partly attributable to environmental factors that are not shared between twins (∼64%). Heritability estimates were somewhat higher for parent-specific attachment styles (∼51%), whereas nonshared environmental factors accounted for larger proportions of the variance in partner- and best friend-specific attachment styles. Using multivariate biometric models, we also examined the genetic and environmental factors underlying the covariation among people's relationship-specific attachment styles. The findings indicate that the similarities among people's avoidant tendencies in different relationships can be explained by a single, higher order latent factor (e.g., global avoidance). In contrast, the genetic and environmental factors underlying attachment anxiety appear to be more differentiated across specific close relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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遗传和环境对成人依恋类型的贡献：来自明尼苏达双胞胎登记处的证据。


依恋理论，正如 Bowlby （1973， 1980， 1969/1982） 最初概述的那样，表明人们在亲密关系中的思考、感受和行为方式是由他们的基因和社会环境之间的动态相互作用塑造的。然而，对成人依恋的研究主要集中在后者上，只提供了依恋类型在一生中如何出现和发展的部分画面。本研究利用了来自明尼苏达双胞胎登记处的数据，该登记处是老年成年双胞胎的大样本（N = 1,377 对;678 对;法师 = 70.40 岁，SD = 5.42），以检查遗传和环境因素对成人依恋类型的相对贡献。参与者报告了他们的一般依恋风格和对母亲、父亲、伴侣和最好的朋友的特定关系依恋。结果表明，依恋类型部分是可遗传的 （∼36%），部分归因于双胞胎之间不共享的环境因素 （∼64%）。父母特定的依恋类型的遗传力估计值略高 （∼51%），而非共享环境因素在伴侣和最好朋友特定的依恋类型中占较大比例的方差。使用多变量生物识别模型，我们还检查了人们关系特异性依恋类型之间协变的遗传和环境因素。研究结果表明，人们在不同关系中的回避倾向之间的相似性可以用一个单一的、更高阶的潜在因素（例如，整体回避）来解释。相比之下，依恋焦虑背后的遗传和环境因素似乎在特定的亲密关系中差异更大。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。