Violence against children affects children in every region, nation, and community in the world. Despite a significant body of literature about the victims of such violence, there has been little empirical research, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, focused on perpetrators, their relationship to victims, and interventions that might alter their behavior. This scoping review sought to identify and summarize the scholarly literature on perpetrators of violence against children in Sub-Saharan Africa and their relationship with victims. Using a keyword search of academic databases, we included peer-reviewed studies published from January 2013 to June 2023 that focused on physical, sexual, or emotional violence against children in Sub-Saharan Africa and included prevalence data about victim–perpetrator relationships. Eighteen of the 42 studies that met eligibility criteria shared one or more primary data sources with other studies included in this review, most frequently using data from Violence Against Children Surveys (10), the Uganda Good Schools Project (7), and the National Child Homicide Study (3). The most common classifications of perpetrators, in order of frequency, were caregivers/family members, intimate partners, peers, teachers/school staff and strangers, and the most common settings in which research took place were schools. Wide variability in the taxonomies used to define and report frequencies for age, victim, perpetrator, and type of violence obscures our ability to form a complete picture of victim–perpetrator relationships. Research emphasis on victims of violence may lead to missed opportunities to disrupt the perpetration of violence against children through interventions that specifically target its source.

中文翻译：

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撒哈拉以南非洲针对儿童的暴力行为：关于受害者-施暴者关系的文献范围综述


针对儿童的暴力行为影响着世界上每个地区、国家和社区的儿童。尽管有大量关于此类暴力受害者的文献，但很少有实证研究，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，关注肇事者、他们与受害者的关系以及可能改变他们行为的干预措施。本范围综述旨在确定和总结有关撒哈拉以南非洲暴力侵害儿童行为的肇事者及其与受害者关系的学术文献。通过对学术数据库的关键词搜索，我们纳入了 2013 年 1 月至 2023 年 6 月发表的同行评审研究，这些研究侧重于撒哈拉以南非洲地区针对儿童的身体、性或情感暴力，并包括有关受害者与施暴者关系的普遍性数据。在符合资格标准的 42 项研究中，有 18 项与本综述中纳入的其他研究共享一个或多个主要数据源，最常使用来自暴力侵害儿童调查 （10）、乌干达好学校项目 （7） 和全国儿童凶杀研究 （3） 的数据。肇事者最常见的分类（按频率排序）是照顾者/家庭成员、亲密伴侣、同龄人、教师/学校工作人员和陌生人，最常见的研究环境是学校。用于定义和报告年龄、受害者、肇事者和暴力类型频率的分类法存在很大差异，这掩盖了我们形成受害者与肇事者关系的完整图景的能力。对暴力受害者的研究强调可能会导致错失通过专门针对暴力源头的干预措施来破坏暴力侵害儿童行为的机会。