The escalating crisis of nanoplastic pollution in water and food products demands the development of novel methodologies for detection and recycling. Despite various techniques available, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is emerging as a highly efficient technique for the trace detection of micro/nanoplastics. However, the development of highly reproducible and stable, flexible SERS substrates that can be used for sensitive detection in environmental medium remains a challenge. Here, we report a fabrication of large-area, three-dimensional (3D), and highly flexible SERS substrate based on porous dendritic Au films onto a flexible indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate via facile, thermal evaporation of Au over the vacuum-compatible deep eutectic solvent (DES)-coated glass substrate and subsequent direct transfer process. The as-fabricated 3D dendritic Au/ITO flexible substrates can be used for ultrasensitive SERS detection of crystal violet (CV) as probe analyte molecules with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 6.4 × 10^–15 M, with good signal reproducibility (RSD of 11.3%). In addition, the substrate showed excellent sensitivity in detecting nanoplastics such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (200 nm) and polystyrene (100 nm) with LODs reaching up to 0.051 and 8.2 μg/mL, respectively. This work provides a facile approach for the preparation of highly flexible plasmonic substrates, showing great potential for the SERS detection of a variety of environmental pollutants.

中文翻译：

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机械柔性、大面积制备三维树枝状 Au 薄膜，用于纳米塑料的可重复表面增强拉曼散射检测


水和食品中纳米塑料污染的危机不断升级，需要开发新的检测和回收方法。尽管有各种可用的技术，但表面增强拉曼散射 （SERS） 正在成为一种用于微/纳米塑料痕量检测的高效技术。然而，开发可用于环境介质中灵敏检测的高度可重复、稳定、灵活的 SERS 底物仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们报道了一种基于多孔树枝状 Au 薄膜的大面积、三维 （3D） 和高柔性 SERS 衬底的制造，该衬底通过真空兼容的深共晶溶剂 （DES） 涂层玻璃衬底上的简单热蒸发和随后的直接转移工艺。制备的 3D 树突状 Au/ITO 柔性衬底可用于结晶紫 （CV） 作为探针分析物分子的超灵敏 SERS 检测，检测限 （LOD） 低至 6.4 × 10^–15 M，具有良好的信号重现性（RSD 为 11.3%）。此外，该底物在检测纳米塑料方面表现出优异的灵敏度，如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 （200 nm） 和聚苯乙烯 （100 nm），LOD 分别高达 0.051 和 8.2 μg/mL。这项工作为制备高柔性等离子体底物提供了一种简便的方法，显示出对各种环境污染物的 SERS 检测的巨大潜力。