Every empire in the Americas developed a law of slavery that connected the forced transoceanic migration of enslaved people with land-based economic production and social life. Competing conceptions of jurisdiction over land and sea emerged from legal processes regarding slavery in the transition from colonial Portuguese rule to early independence in Brazil. Both the Portuguese monarch and post-independence Brazilian ministers sought to assert jurisdiction over residents inside the territory, including enslaved people. Their attempts to do so created social conflicts in which enslaved people put forth their own visions of jurisdiction and justice. Afro-Brazilian people developed a legal politics that drew upon diasporic maritime connections to overturn enslavement. The legal politics of cases regarding uprisings and contraband slave-trading animated concerns among judges and imperial administrators about effective legal order. A revolutionary movement in 1798 contested Portuguese colonial sovereignty with a vision of free-trade popular sovereignty. The monarch’s transfer from Portugal to Brazil in 1808 opened a small route for enslaved people to petition the crown for freedom based on innovative readings of free soil. A major case of capture in 1851 illuminated how the naval court judge adjudicated the case as the capture of an enemy. Captive African people testified in court to gain collective freedom in a liminal space. These claims to freedom raised important questions about legal equality and freedom from illegal trafficking for all people held in slavery in Brazil.

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管辖权和非裔巴西人法律政治：从殖民主义到早期独立


美洲的每个帝国都制定了奴隶制法律，将被奴役者的强制跨洋迁移与陆上经济生产和社会生活联系起来。在巴西从葡萄牙殖民统治过渡到早期独立的过程中，有关奴隶制的法律程序中出现了对陆地和海洋管辖权的竞争概念。葡萄牙君主和独立后的巴西部长都试图对领土内的居民（包括奴隶）行使管辖权。他们这样做的尝试引发了社会冲突，被奴役的人提出了他们自己的管辖权和正义愿景。非裔巴西人发展了一种法律政治，利用散居海外的海上联系来推翻奴隶制。有关起义和违禁品奴隶交易的案件的法律政治性激起了法官和帝国行政人员对有效法律秩序的担忧。1798 年的一场革命运动以自由贸易人民主权的愿景挑战葡萄牙的殖民主权。1808 年，君主从葡萄牙转移到巴西，为被奴役的人开辟了一条小路，他们根据对自由土地的创新解读向王室请愿以获得自由。1851 年的一起重大俘虏案件阐明了海军法院法官如何将此案判定为俘虏敌人。被俘虏的非洲人在法庭上作证，以在阈限空间获得集体自由。这些对自由的要求引发了关于巴西所有奴隶制人民的法律平等和免遭非法贩运的重要问题。