The reference electrode (RE), integrated as a sensor within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offers real-time insights into the electrochemical properties of individual electrodes, which makes it an ideal indicator for monitoring the working state of LIBs. Nevertheless, most built-in REs in LIBs face significant challenges that limit their application as precise and durable sensors for effective battery management, relegating them to being rough and temporary indicators in research settings. This Review delves into the latest advances in enhancing the accuracy and longevity of lithium metal deposited on Cu (Cu-Li) REs. It explores the underlying causes and factors contributing to measurement inaccuracies. Finally, the Review puts forth strategies to overcome these challenges in three-electrode LIBs. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic behaviors of LIBs, REs, and their interactions is pivotal for developing high-precision REs, thereby accelerating the innovation of new and safer LIB technologies.

中文翻译：

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提高锂离子电池中内置 Cu-Li 参比电极的精度和耐用性：批判性综述


参比电极 （RE） 作为传感器集成在锂离子电池 （LIB） 中，可实时了解单个电极的电化学特性，这使其成为监测 LIB 工作状态的理想指标。然而，LIB 中的大多数内置 RE 都面临着重大挑战，这些挑战限制了它们作为精确耐用的传感器进行有效电池管理的应用，使它们在研究环境中沦为粗糙和临时的指示剂。本综述深入探讨了提高铜 （Cu-Li） 稀土上沉积的锂金属的准确性和寿命的最新进展。它探讨了导致测量不准确的根本原因和因素。最后，该综述提出了克服三电极 LIB 中这些挑战的策略。全面了解 LIB、RE 的内在行为及其相互作用对于开发高精度 RE 至关重要，从而加速新的和更安全的 LIB 技术创新。